Petrographic and Salinity Characteristics of Brackish Water Ice in the Bay of Bothnia
Petrographic and Salinity Characteristics of Brackish Water Ice in the Bay of Bothnia
复制标题
波的尼亚湾苦咸水冰的岩相和盐度特征
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Susan Carsey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Gow;W. Weeks;P. Kosloff;Susan Carsey
摘要：1988年3月BEPERS（为ERS-1做准备的博思尼亚实验）遥感实验期间进行的实地观察包括测量博思尼亚湾形成的不同类型半咸水冰的冰雪厚度、温度、盐度和晶体结构剖面。未变形的坚冰和在更扰动的条件下形成的冰都被取样。瑞典于默奥以东的海湾冰层厚度从36厘米到64厘米不等，波的尼亚湾最北端的淡水区冰层厚度略厚（76厘米）。三个主要的冰晶类型或纹理被确定为颗粒状，过渡和柱状冰，每一个的数量取决于水柱中的扰动水平。在调查的16个站点中，有7个站点的颗粒冰（主要是碎冰）是主要成分。在其余9个地点中的6个，柱状冰是主要的冰晶类型。过渡型和过渡-非过渡型的混合物主导了其余三个地点的结构。除两个地点外，所有地点的底冰都是由南极冰组成的，在许多情况下，南极冰显示出典型的北极海冰的冰盘和盐水层亚结构。各种c-轴织物中观察到的柱状-柱状晶，包括随机，垂直和水平（平面）方向。在几个位置观察到对齐的c轴，但在大多数情况下，这些织物的地理排列没有明显的模式。地表水盐度范围为3.6至4.1% o，但托尔尼奥附近最北端的地点除外，那里基本上存在河流淡水。波的尼亚湾，冰生长，冰结构，雷达特征。半咸水冰，冰盐度，冰温。
Abstract : Field observations made during the March 1988 BEPERS (Bothnian Experiment in Preparation for ERS-1) remote sensing experiment included measurements of the snow and ice thickness, temperature, salinity and crystal structure profiles of the different types of brackish ice that form in the Bay of Bothnia. Both undeformed fast ice and ice that had formed under more disturbed conditions were sampled. Ice thicknesses varied from 36 to 64 cm in the bay to the east of Umea, Sweden, with somewhat thicker ice (76 cm) occurring in the northernmost, nearly fresh water areas of the Bay of Bothnia. Three major ice crystal types or textures were identified-granular, transition and columnar ice-with the amount of each depending on the level of disturbance in the water column. At seven of the sixteen sites investigated, granular (mainly frazil) ice was the dominant component. At six of the remaining nine sites, columnar- congelation ice was the predominant ice crystal type. A mix of transition and transition-congelation ice types dominated the structure of the remaining three sites. At all but two sites the bottom ice consisted of congelation ice, which in many instances exhibited the ice plate and brine layer substructure so typical of arctic sea ice. A variety of c-axis fabrics were observed in the columnar-congelation ice, including random, vertical and horizontal (planar) orientations. Aligned c-axes were observed at several locations, but in most cases there was no obvious pattern to the geographic arrangement of these fabrics. Surface water salinities ranged from 3.6 to 4.1 %o except at the northernmost sites near Tornio, where essentially riverine fresh water was present. Bulk Bay of Bothnia, Ice growth, Ice structure, Radar characteristics. Brackish ice, Ice salinity, Ice temperature.