First-order spatial coherence measurements in a thermalized two-dimensional photonic quantum gas.
First-order spatial coherence measurements in a thermalized two-dimensional photonic quantum gas.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-017-00270-8
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发表时间：
2017-07-31
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Schmitt J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damm T;Dung D;Vewinger F;Weitz M;Schmitt J
物质不同状态之间的相变可以深刻地改变物理系统中的秩序，铁磁或拓扑秩序的出现是重要的例子。相关性允许对不同阶段的有序程度和分类进行量化。在这里，我们报告了在谐波捕获的二维光子气体中，在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界粒子数以下，处于和高于临界粒子数的一阶空间相关性的测量，使用干涉测量染料填充光学微腔的发射。对于非凝聚态气体，横向相干性在由光子的热德布罗意波长决定的长度尺度上衰减，显示出预期的随温度的标度。在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚开始时，真正的长程有序出现，我们观察到热波包重叠时的量子统计效应。微腔光子与平衡玻色气体理论的极好一致性促使微腔光子成为光学量子气体中临界尺度和普适性研究的有希望的候选者。量子物质中的相变与相关效应有关，它们可以改变物质的顺序。在这里，作者测量了在染料填充的光学微腔中热和凝聚态光子玻色气体的一阶空间相关性和德布罗意波长。
Phase transitions between different states of matter can profoundly modify the order in physical systems, with the emergence of ferromagnetic or topological order constituting important examples. Correlations allow the quantification of the degree of order and the classification of different phases. Here we report measurements of first-order spatial correlations in a harmonically trapped two-dimensional photon gas below, at and above the critical particle number for Bose–Einstein condensation, using interferometric measurements of the emission of a dye-filled optical microcavity. For the uncondensed gas, the transverse coherence decays on a length scale determined by the thermal de Broglie wavelength of the photons, which shows the expected scaling with temperature. At the onset of Bose–Einstein condensation, true long-range order emerges, and we observe quantum statistical effects as the thermal wave packets overlap. The excellent agreement with equilibrium Bose gas theory prompts microcavity photons as promising candidates for studies of critical scaling and universality in optical quantum gases. Phase transitions in quantum matter are related to correlation effects and they can change the ordering of material. Here the authors measure the first-order spatial correlation and the de Broglie wavelength for both thermal and condensed form of a photonic Bose gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity.
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通讯作者：
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