The case for positive emotions in the stress process
The case for positive emotions in the stress process
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DOI：
10.1080/10615800701740457
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Folkman, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Folkman, Susan
几十年来，压力过程主要用负面情绪来描述。然而，强有力的证据表明，在极度紧张的情况下，积极情绪与消极情绪同时出现，这表明有必要考虑积极情绪在压力过程中可能发挥的作用。大约十年前，这些可能性被纳入压力和应对理论的修订版中（Folkman，1997）。本文总结了 10 年来与修订模型相关的研究报告。越来越多的证据表明，在压力时期，积极情绪和消极情绪会同时出现；积极情绪对生理、心理和社会应对资源的恢复功能；以及产生积极情绪的应对过程，包括利益发现和提醒、适应性目标过程、重新排序优先事项以及为普通事件注入积极意义。总体而言，证据支持修订后模型中提出的主张。与早期忽视积极情绪的倾向相反，有证据表明它们在压力过程中具有重要功能，并且与不同于调节痛苦的应对过程相关。由于几十年来几乎只关注负面情绪，因此在未来的研究中纳入积极情绪将有助于解决研究和临床实践之间的不平衡问题。
For many decades, the stress process was described primarily in terms of negative emotions. However, robust evidence that positive emotions co-occurred with negative emotions during intensely stressful situations suggested the need to consider the possible roles of positive emotions in the stress process. About 10 years ago, these possibilities were incorporated into a revision of stress and coping theory (Folkman, 1997). This article summarizes the research reported during the intervening 10 years that pertains to the revised model. Evidence has accumulated regarding the co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions during stressful periods; the restorative function of positive emotions with respect to physiological, psychological, and social coping resources; and the kinds of coping processes that generate positive emotions including benefit finding and reminding, adaptive goal processes, reordering priorities, and infusing ordinary events with positive meaning. Overall, the evidence supports the propositions set forth in the revised model. Contrary to earlier tendencies to dismiss positive emotions, the evidence indicates they have important functions in the stress process and are related to coping processes that are distinct from those that regulate distress. Including positive emotions in future studies will help address an imbalance between research and clinical practice due to decades of nearly exclusive concern with the negative emotions.