Visual Similarity Effects in Immediate Verbal Serial Recall
Visual Similarity Effects in Immediate Verbal Serial Recall
复制标题
即时口头连续回忆中的视觉相似性效应
DOI：
10.1080/713755916
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
A. Baddeley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Logie;Sergiola Del Sala;V. Wynn;A. Baddeley
视觉工作记忆在口头信息暂时连续保留中的作用通过四项实验进行了检验，这些实验涉及视觉相似性不同的单词和大小写视觉一致性不同的字母的立即连续回忆。实验 1 和 2 涉及的单词要么在视觉上相似（例如，fly、cry、dry；hew、new、few），要么在视觉上不同（例如，guy、sigh、lie；who、blue、ewe）。实验 3 和 4 涉及从所选字母序列中连续回忆字母和大小写，使得大写和小写版本在视觉上相似，例如 Kk、Cc、Zz、Ww，或者在视觉上不相似，例如 Dd、Hh、Rr、Qq。因此，在后一组中，大小写信息根据字母的形状和大小进行编码。无论是单词还是字母，视觉上相似的项目在有或没有并发发音抑制的情况下都会导致较差的回忆。这种视觉相似性效应非常强大，并且在四个实验中得到了重复。这种效果不限于任何特定的序列位置，并且在字母大小写的回忆中尤其显着。这些数据表明，除了语音代码之外，还存在用于保留视觉呈现的言语序列的视觉代码，并且它们与在言语连续回忆任务中使用视觉临时记忆或视觉“缓存”一致。
The role of visual working memory in temporary serial retention of verbal information was examined in four experiments on immediate serial recall of words that varied in visual similarity and letters that varied in the visual consistency between upper and lower case. Experiments 1 and 2 involved words that were either visually similar (e.g. fly, cry, dry; hew, new, few) or were visually distinct (e.g. guy, sigh, lie; who, blue, ewe). Experiments 3 and 4 involved serial recall of both letter and case from sequences of letters chosen such that the upper- and lower-case versions were visually similar, for example Kk, Cc, Zz, Ww, or were visually dissimilar, for example Dd, Hh, Rr, Qq. Hence in the latter set, case information was encoded in terms of both the shape and the size of the letters. With both words and letters, the visually similar items resulted in poorer recall both with and without concurrent articulatory suppression. This visual similarity effect was robust and was replicated across the four experiments. The effect was not restricted to any particular serial position and was particularly salient in the recall of letter case. These data suggest the presence of a visual code for retention of visually presented verbal sequences in addition to a phonological code, and they are consistent with the use of a visual temporary memory, or visual “cache”, in verbal serial recall tasks.