Housing tenure and car access: further exploration of the nature of their relations with health in a UK setting
Housing tenure and car access: further exploration of the nature of their relations with health in a UK setting
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.55.5.330
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Ellaway, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macintyre, S;Hiscock, R;Ellaway, A
方法 1997 年，从苏格兰西部 8 个地方当局地区的 6500 名选民名单中随机抽取 6500 名成年人，通过邮寄问卷进行 3 次随访，答复率为 50%（42% 男性，58% 女性）。我们检查了自我评估健康的四个领域：慢性、近期和心理健康问题以及一般健康状况，分别通过是否存在限制性长期疾病、在选举期间经历的 20 种常见症状的数量来衡量。过去一个月，医院焦虑和抑郁量表 3 的抑郁分量表以及过去一年的健康状况感知为优秀/良好或一般/差。社会阶层是根据自己的职业，使用登记官的分类，收入是根据家庭构成调整的家庭收入。 4 我们排除了报告因永久性疾病或残疾（以减少反向因果关系的可能性）而在经济上不活跃的受试者 (245)，以及任何自变量、控制变量或因变量缺失值的受试者。由于保有权、汽车使用权和健康状况与年龄、性别和婚姻状况相关，所有模型都控制这些变量。使用逻辑回归分析二分健康变量，使用 SPSS 中的 GLM 程序分析数值变量。结果增加社会阶层减弱但没有消除任期与任何健康指标之间的显着关联（见表 1）。在收入模型中也观察到了同样的情况，除了限制长期患病之外，与婚姻状况存在显着的交互作用（p = 0.036；已婚受访者没有任期差异，但单身租房者的健康状况比单身业主更差）。
MethodsA postal questionnaire, with three follow ups, achieved a response rate of 50%(42% male, 58% female), from a random sample of 6500 adults from the electoral roll in eight local authority areas in the west of Scotland in 1997. We examined four domains of self assessed health: chronic, recent and mental health problems, and health in general, measured respectively by the presence/absence of limiting longstanding illness, the number of 20 common symptoms experienced during the past month, the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 and perceived health over the past year as either excellent/good or fair/poor. Social class was based on own occupation, using registrar general's classification, income was household income adjusted for family composition. 4 We excluded subjects (245) who reported they were economically inactive because of permanent sickness or disability (to reduce the possibility of reverse causation), and those with missing values on any of the independent, control, or dependent variables. As tenure, car access and health are associated with age, sex, and marital status, all models control for these variables. Dichotomous health variables were analysed using logistic regression, numerical ones using the GLM procedure in SPSS.ResultsAdding social class attenuated but did not eliminate the significant association between tenure and any of the health measures (see table 1). The same picture was observed for the income model, except for limiting longstanding illness, where there was a significant interaction with marital status (p= 0.036; there was no tenure difference for married respondents, but single renters had poorer health than single owners).