Gender Differences in Emotional Response: Inconsistency between Experience and Expressivity.
Gender Differences in Emotional Response: Inconsistency between Experience and Expressivity.
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情感反应中的性别差异：经验与表现力之间的不一致。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0158666
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhou R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng Y;Chang L;Yang M;Huo M;Zhou R
本研究探讨了情绪体验和表达能力的性别差异。心率（HR）被记录为情绪体验的指标，同时参与者观看了16个视频片段，这些视频片段引起了8种类型的情绪（悲伤，愤怒，恐怖，厌恶，中立，娱乐，惊喜和快乐）。我们还要求参与者报告效价，唤醒和动机作为情绪表达的指标。总的来说，结果揭示了情感体验和情感表达的性别差异。当观看引起愤怒、娱乐和快乐的视频时，男性的HR下降幅度更大，而女性的唤醒程度更高。当参与者观看引起恐惧和厌恶的视频时，HR没有性别差异，但女性报告的效价较低，唤醒程度较高，回避动机比男性更强。最后，在悲伤或惊讶方面没有观察到性别差异，尽管有一个例外女性在观看引起悲伤的视频时报告了更高的唤醒。研究结果表明，当观看引起情绪反应的视频时，男性通常会有更强烈的情绪体验，而女性则有更高的情绪表现力，特别是对于负面情绪。此外，性别差异取决于具体的情绪类型，而不是效价。
The present study investigated gender differences in both emotional experience and expressivity. Heart rate (HR) was recorded as an indicator of emotional experience while the participants watched 16 video clips that induced eight types of emotion (sadness, anger, horror, disgust, neutrality, amusement, surprise, and pleasure). We also asked the participants to report valence, arousal, and motivation as indicators of emotional expressivity. Overall, the results revealed gender differences in emotional experience and emotional expressivity. When watching videos that induced anger, amusement, and pleasure, men showed larger decreases in HR, whereas women reported higher levels of arousal. There was no gender difference in HR when the participants watched videos that induced horror and disgust, but women reported lower valence, higher arousal, and stronger avoidance motivation than did men. Finally, no gender difference was observed in sadness or surprise, although there was one exception—women reported higher arousal when watching videos that induced sadness. The findings suggest that, when watching videos that induce an emotional response, men often have more intense emotional experiences, whereas women have higher emotional expressivity, particularly for negative emotions. In addition, gender differences depend on the specific emotion type but not the valence.