Vertebrate skeletogenesis.
Vertebrate skeletogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0070-2153(10)90008-2
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bhattaram, Pallavi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lefebvre, Veronique;Bhattaram, Pallavi
脊椎动物的骨骼发生是由200多块骨头和软骨组成的。每一个骨骼都是在身体的不同位置制作的，与其他骨骼连接在一起，并根据物种指令和个人决定因素达到特定的大小，形状和组织成分。这种复杂的定制车身框架可完成多项基本任务。它赋予形态特征，允许控制姿势和运动，保护重要器官，容纳造血，储存矿物质和吸附毒素。这篇综述为骨骼发生的专家和非专家提供了这个巧妙过程的多个方面的概述。我们解释了发育中的脊椎动物如何使用特异性和普遍表达的基因来产生多能间充质细胞，将它们指定为骨骼生成的命运，控制它们的生存和增殖，并指导它们分化为软骨，骨和关节细胞。我们回顾了里程碑式的发现，揭示了参与这些过程的调控因子的复杂网络，重点是信号通路和转录因子。我们描述了许多骨骼畸形和退行性疾病，发生在人类的调节基因突变的结果，并解释这些疾病如何帮助和激励我们进一步破译骨骼发育过程。在讨论目前的知识和知识的差距在控制骨骼发生，我们强调最终的研究目标，并提出研究重点和方法，为未来的努力。
Vertebrate skeletogenesis consists in elaborating an edifice of more than 200 pieces of bone and cartilage. Each skeletal piece is crafted at a distinct location in the body, is articulated with others, and reaches a specific size, shape, and tissue composition according to both species instructions and individual determinants. This complex, customized body frame fulfills multiple essential tasks. It confers morphological features, allows controlled postures and movements, protects vital organs, houses hematopoiesis, stores minerals, and adsorbs toxins. This review provides an overview of the multiple facets of this ingenious process for experts as well as non-experts of skeletogenesis. We explain how the developing vertebrate uses both specific and ubiquitously expressed genes to generate multipotent mesenchymal cells, specify them to a skeletogenic fate, control their survival and proliferation, and direct their differentiation into cartilage, bone and joint cells. We review milestone discoveries made towards uncovering the intricate networks of regulatory factors that are involved in these processes, with an emphasis on signaling pathways and transcription factors. We describe numerous skeletal malformation and degeneration diseases that occur in humans as a result of mutations in regulatory genes, and explain how these diseases both help and motivate us to further decipher skeletogenic processes. Upon discussing current knowledge and gaps in knowledge in the control of skeletogenesis, we highlight ultimate research goals, and propose research priorities and approaches for future endeavors.