Elaboration of bilateral symmetry across Knautia macedonica capitula related to changes in ventral petal expression of CYCLOIDEA-like genes.
Elaboration of bilateral symmetry across Knautia macedonica capitula related to changes in ventral petal expression of CYCLOIDEA-like genes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13227-016-0045-7
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Howarth DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berger BA;Thompson V;Lim A;Ricigliano V;Howarth DG
被子植物花型的变化，特别是从径向对称到两侧对称的花，通常与物种形成率的变化和授粉综合征的变化有关。越来越多的证据表明，来自TCP基因家族的CYCLOIDEA（CYC）样转录因子在建立花对称的背腹模式中发挥作用，这影响了花冠和雄蕊群的发育。以往的研究CYC类基因，特别是CYC 2分支，表明这些基因是背侧限制在双边对称的花。此外，CYC样基因的基因重复通常与单个花和头状花序（头状花序）的花形态变化相关。在这里，我们比较了6个CYC样基因的表达模式从背侧，侧，和腹侧花瓣的内部和外部小花头状的Knautia macedonica（川续断科）。我们证明，多个拷贝的CYC样基因的差异表达花瓣类型之间和内部和外部小花。在旁系同源，有一个普遍的趋势，减少背侧表达和增加腹侧表达的内部小花相比，外部小花。然而，在腹侧花瓣中，表达的统计学显著增加与不太左右对称的花相关。我们还首次展示了CYC样基因的侧向特异性表达。此外，背腹不对称表达的CYC 3 parasites表明，这个未充分研究的基因分支可能也参与了花的对称性。这些数据表明，制定双边对称性可能会受到调节的背腹梯度的表达，与统计学显着的变化，腹侧的表达与背腹形态专业化的变化。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13227-016-0045-7）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Shifts in floral form across angiosperms, particularly from radially symmetrical to bilaterally symmetrical flowers, are often associated with shifts in speciation rates and changes in pollination syndrome. Growing evidence across both rosids and asterids indicates that CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like transcription factors from the TCP gene family play a role in establishing the dorsoventral pattern of flower symmetry, which affects the development of both the corolla and androecium. Previous studies of CYC-like genes, especially of the CYC2 clade, indicate that these genes are dorsally restricted in bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Also, gene duplication of CYC-like genes often correlates with shifts in floral form in both individual flowers and head-like inflorescences (capitula). Here, we compared the expression patterns of six CYC-like genes from dorsal, lateral, and ventral petals of internal and external florets across capitula of Knautia macedonica (Dipsacaceae). We demonstrate that multiple copies of CYC-like genes are differentially expressed among petal types and between internal and external florets. Across paralogs, there was a general trend toward a reduction in dorsal expression and an increase in ventral expression in internal florets compared to external florets. However, it was in the ventral petals where a statistically significant increase in expression correlates with a less zygomorphic flower. We also show for the first time lateral-specific expression of a CYC-like gene. Additionally, dorsoventral asymmetric expression of a CYC3 paralog indicates that this understudied gene clade is likely also involved in floral symmetry. These data indicate that the elaboration of bilateral symmetry may be regulated by the dorsoventral gradient of expression, with statistically significant changes in ventral expression correlating with changes in dorsoventral morphological specialization. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13227-016-0045-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.