Wing–wake interaction reduces power consumption in insect tandem wings
Wing–wake interaction reduces power consumption in insect tandem wings
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DOI：
10.1007/s00348-008-0595-0
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
F. Lehmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Lehmann
昆虫具有多种多样的飞行技术。尤其是蜻蜓，以其强大的空中机动能力和捕食或领地飞行时的耐力而闻名。虽然大多数昆虫，如苍蝇、蜜蜂和黄蜂，要么缩小后翅，要么将前后翅机械连接，但蜻蜓在其整个进化过程中一直保持着两对独立控制的翅膀。蜻蜓翅膀运动学的一个非凡特征是翅膀相位，即前翅和后翅周期之间扑动相位的变化。机翼定相以前被认为与推力产生的增加、机动性的准备和狩猎性能有关。最近的研究表明，串联机翼中的机翼定相会对后机翼升力产生双重调节，但与单独扑动的两个机翼相比，会略微降低前翼和后翼的最大组合升力。然而，尽管存在这一缺点，机翼定相通过消除尾流中的动能，可以有效地提高飞行过程中的空气动力效率。计算分析表明，与仅拍动两个翅膀的昆虫相比，飞行效率的提高可节省高达 22% 的空气动力消耗。在工程方面，四翼扑动的能量优势在仿生飞机设计领域具有重大意义，因为人造飞行器的性能通常受到高功率消耗而不是升力产生的限制。本手稿通过研究悬停蜻蜓动态缩放机器人模型中的机翼相位，总结了扑动串联机翼的功率消耗和空气动力效率。
Insects are capable of a remarkable diversity of flight techniques. Dragonflies, in particular, are notable for their powerful aerial manoeuvres and endurance during prey catching or territory flights. While most insects such as flies, bees and wasps either reduced their hinds wings or mechanically coupled fore and hind wings, dragonflies have maintained two independent-controlled pairs of wings throughout their evolution. An extraordinary feature of dragonfly wing kinematics is wing phasing, the shift in flapping phase between the fore and hind wing periods. Wing phasing has previously been associated with an increase in thrust production, readiness for manoeuvrability and hunting performance. Recent studies have shown that wing phasing in tandem wings produces a twofold modulation in hind wing lift, but slightly reduces the maximum combined lift of fore and hind wings, compared to two wings flapping in isolation. Despite this disadvantage, however, wing phasing is effective in improving aerodynamic efficiency during flight by the removal of kinetic energy from the wake. Computational analyses demonstrate that this increase in flight efficiency may save up to 22% aerodynamic power expenditure compared to insects flapping only two wings. In terms of engineering, energetic benefits in four-wing flapping are of substantial interest in the field of biomimetic aircraft design, because the performance of man-made air vehicles is often limited by high-power expenditure rather than by lift production. This manuscript provides a summary on power expenditures and aerodynamic efficiency in flapping tandem wings by investigating wing phasing in a dynamically scaled robotic model of a hovering dragonfly.