Costs and benefits of cold acclimation in field-released Drosophila
Costs and benefits of cold acclimation in field-released Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0708074105
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发表时间：
2008-01-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Loeschcke, Volker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kristensen, Torsten N.;Hoffmann, Ary A.;Loeschcke, Volker
动物可以通过生理适应来对抗极端气候的影响，但适应一种极端可能会降低在不同条件下的表现。在这里，我们使用在两大洲不同温度范围内的野外释放的黑腹果蝇来测试发育或成年寒冷驯化的成本和好处。这两种类型的冷驯化在野外的低温下都有巨大的好处；在最冷的释放中，只有冷驯化的苍蝇才能找到资源。然而，这种优势是以巨大的代价为代价的；当温度变暖时，没有经过冷驯化的果蝇寻找食物的可能性是冷驯化果蝇的36倍。在实验室测试中，这样的成本和强大的好处并不明显，我们在实验室测试中发现，冷驯化苍蝇的热存活率没有下降。因此，野外释放研究揭示了冷驯化的成本，这是标准实验室化验无法检测到的。因此，尽管生理适应可以显著改善狭窄热条件下的适合性，但一旦条件超出这一范围，它可能会产生相反的效果，随着全球气候变化下温度变异性的增加，这种情况的可能性越来越大。
one way animals can counter the effects of climatic extremes is via physiological acclimation, but acclimating to one extreme might decrease performance under different conditions. Here, we use field releases of Drosophila melanogaster on two continents across a range of temperatures to test for costs and benefits of developmental or adult cold acclimation. Both types of cold acclimation had enormous benefits at low temperatures in the field; in the coldest releases only cold-acclimated flies were able to find a resource. However, this advantage came at a huge cost; flies that had not been cold-acclimated were up to 36 times more likely to find food than the cold-acclimated flies when temperatures were warm. Such costs and strong benefits were not evident in laboratory tests where we found no reduction in heat survival of the cold-acclimated flies. Field release studies, therefore, reveal costs of cold acclimation that standard laboratory assays do not detect. Thus, although physiological acclimation may dramatically improve fitness over a narrow set of thermal conditions, it may have the opposite effect once conditions extend outside this range, an increasingly likely scenario as temperature variability increases under global climate change.