Towards productive critique of large-scale comparisons in education

Towards productive critique of large-scale comparisons in education
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对大规模教育比较进行富有成效的批判

DOI:
10.1080/17508487.2017.1327876
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Gorur R
Gorur R
中科院分区:
教育学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorur R

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教育方面的国际大规模评估和比较已成为重要的政策现象。一个国家在这些评估中的表现不仅意味着一个国家的教育系统表现如何,而且还意味着它在全球经济“竞赛”中的未来前景。这些评估在专家会议和学术期刊上引发了激烈的争论,它们在媒体上也同样激烈。社会学家和心理计量学家、政策专家和统计学家在哥伦比亚研究国际劳工和社会生活状况。这种多学科、多种声音的讨论并不总是有助于突出所涉问题的复杂性。相反,不同行为体群体之间的讨论往往导致观点两极分化和立场强硬。大规模的比较在其有效性、有用性和使用方面产生了深刻的学术分歧。本体论的承诺,方法和研究范式的分歧使得一组学者之间的讨论几乎无法理解另一组。迫切需要新的理论、概念和词汇来有效地处理这一重要现象。借用科学与技术研究(STS)和历史和社会学的数字概念,我认为,理解这样的比较练习,社会技术组装将移动在更富有成效的方向在教育的大规模比较的批评。
International large-scale assessments and comparisons (ILSAs) in education have become significant policy phenomena. How a country fares in these assessments has come to signify not only how a nation’s education system is performing, but also its future prospects in a global economic ‘race’. These assessments provoke passionate arguments at specialist conferences and in scholarly journals and they are just as passionately debated in the media. Within academe, ILSAs are researched by sociologists and psychometricians, policy experts and statisticians. This multidisciplinary, multi-voice discussion has not always served to highlight the complexity of the issues involved. Instead, discussions across various groups of actors have often led to a polarisation of views and a hardening of stances. Large-scale comparisons have deeply divided academic opinion with regard to their validity, usefulness and use. The divergence in ontological commitments, methodologies and paradigms of research makes discussions among one set of scholars almost incomprehensible to another. New theories, concepts and vocabularies are urgently required to engage productively with this important phenomenon. Borrowing concepts from Science and Technology Studies (STS) and the history and sociology of numbers, I argue that understanding such comparative exercises as socio-technical assemblages would move the critique of large-scale comparisons in education in more productive directions.
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