Social Identity and Socially Shared Retrieval-Induced Forgetting: The Effects of Group Membership
Social Identity and Socially Shared Retrieval-Induced Forgetting: The Effects of Group Membership
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000077
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hirst, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coman, Alin;Hirst, William
在谈话中，说话者和倾听者往往会影响彼此的记忆，并在这样做的过程中，促进共享或集体记忆的形成。记忆共识出现的一种方式是通过社会共享检索诱导遗忘（SSRIF）。当听者注意到说话者对以前遇到的事件的选择性检索时，他们忘记未提及但相关的信息比他们忘记无关的，未提及的以前学习过的信息要多。结果，说话者和听话者都以相似的方式记住和忘记了这件事。SSRIF似乎依赖于听者与说话者同时检索信息。我们在这里问，这种并发检索是否是一个功能的群体成员，从而强调之间的联系的基本记忆机制检索引起的遗忘和社会功能的沟通互动建立一个共享的代表。在实验1中，普林斯顿大学的学生听一个发言者选择性地回忆以前研究过的材料显示SSRIF时，发言者被确定为普林斯顿大学的学生，但不是当他或她被确定为耶鲁大学的学生。在实验2中，激活一个共同的学生身份之前，听任务引发并发检索在普林斯顿大学的学生听普林斯顿大学和耶鲁大学的发言人。因此，如果说话者和听话者属于同一个社会群体，他们之间更有可能发生类似的选择性遗忘模式。基本的记忆机制似乎是适应，以促进出现的共享记忆表示，保持组成员和组身份。
In a conversation, speakers and listeners will often influence each other's memories, and in doing so, promote the formation of a shared, or collective, memory. One means by which a mnemonic consensus emerges is through socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SSRIF). When listeners attend to the speakers' selective retrieval of previously encountered events, they forget unmentioned but related information more than they forget unrelated, unmentioned previously studied information. As a consequence, both speaker and listeners come to remember-and forget-the event in a similar way. SSRIF appears to be dependent on listeners concurrently retrieving the information with the speaker. We asked here whether such concurrent retrieval is a function of group membership, thereby underscoring the connection between a basic mnemonic mechanism-retrieval-induced forgetting-and a social function of communicative interaction-building a shared representation. In Experiment 1, Princeton students listening to a speaker selectively recall previously studied material showed SSRIF when the speaker was identified as a fellow Princeton student, but not when he or she was identified as a Yale student. In Experiment 2, activating a common student identity before the listening task triggered concurrent retrieval in Princeton students when listening to both Princeton and Yale speakers. Thus, similar patterns of selective forgetting are more likely to occur between speakers and listeners if they belong to the same social group. Basic mnemonic mechanisms seem to be adapted to promote the emergence of shared mnemonic representations that preserve group membership and group identity.