Differences in transcription levels among wild, domesticated, and hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two environments
Differences in transcription levels among wild, domesticated, and hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two environments
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05567.x
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Debes, Paul V.;Normandeau, Eric;Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
由于种群祖先之间的适应性差异和驯化过程中人为因素的变化，逃逸的驯化个体会将不利性状引入野生种群。与驯化的鲑鱼相比，一些濒临灭绝的野生大西洋鲑鱼种群在它们的海洋阶段会遇到大量悬浮沉积物，这可能是一种选择性的物质。我们使用微阵列来阐明驯化鲑鱼品系、野生种群及其第一代杂交鲑鱼在海洋生命阶段的定量转录差异，以描述对自然悬浮沉积物的转录反应，并测试与自然暴露或不暴露于悬浮沉积物的历史有关的适应性遗传变异。我们确定了67个基因在鲑鱼群体中转录水平不同。在这些基因中，与能量代谢和离子平衡相关的过程被过度代表，而有助于免疫和肌动蛋白/肌球蛋白相关过程的基因也参与菌株分化。家养野生杂交种与亲本相比，三分之二的不同基因表现出中间转录模式；然而，偏离加性的基因往往与野生亲本表达的水平相似。沉积物诱导8种基因的转录水平增加，其中一些已知有助于减轻外部或细胞内损伤。虽然经过多次比较校正后，遗传变异的可塑性在组间没有显著差异，但在野生和杂交鲑鱼中，两个基因（金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽还原酶）在对悬浮沉积物的反应中具有更强的可塑性，值得作为自然选择的候选基因进一步研究。
Escaped domesticated individuals can introduce disadvantageous traits into wild populations due to both adaptive differences between population ancestors and human-induced changes during domestication. In contrast to their domesticated counterparts, some endangered wild Atlantic salmon populations encounter during their marine stage large amounts of suspended sediments, which may act as a selective agent. We used microarrays to elucidate quantitative transcriptional differences between a domesticated salmon strain, a wild population and their first-generation hybrids during their marine life stage, to describe transcriptional responses to natural suspended sediments, and to test for adaptive genetic variation in plasticity relating to a history of natural exposure or nonexposure to suspended sediments. We identified 67 genes differing in transcription level among salmon groups. Among these genes, processes related to energy metabolism and ion homoeostasis were over-represented, while genes contributing to immunity and actin-/myosin-related processes were also involved in strain differentiation. Domesticwild hybrids exhibited intermediate transcription patterns relative to their parents for two-thirds of all genes that differed between their parents; however, genes deviating from additivity tended to have similar levels to those expressed by the wild parent. Sediments induced increases in transcription levels of eight genes, some of which are known to contribute to external or intracellular damage mitigation. Although genetic variation in plasticity did not differ significantly between groups after correcting for multiple comparisons, two genes (metallothionein and glutathione reductase) tended to be more plastic in response to suspended sediments in wild and hybrid salmon, and merit further examination as candidate genes under natural selection.