Modelling Watersheds as Spatial Object Hierarchies: Structure and Dynamics
Modelling Watersheds as Spatial Object Hierarchies: Structure and Dynamics
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9671.00048
复制
发表时间：
2000-06
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
L. Band;C. Tague;S. Brun;D. E. Tenenbaum;R. Fernandes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Band;C. Tague;S. Brun;D. E. Tenenbaum;R. Fernandes
地表水系统中非点源污染物的产生、迁移和归宿被认为是对供水、水生和沿海生态系统的主要威胁。水、碳和养分在流域中的转化和移动整合了一系列沿着水文流路的生态系统过程。人类个人和机构与这些过程的相互作用涉及直接添加或提取这些物质，或改变土地覆盖和排水系统。在自然和发达的集水区，这些过程往往在粒度上有所不同，从山坡以下的水平，通过区域流域。这表明，需要开发能够在一系列尺度上综合处理一系列生物物理、地球化学和社会经济过程的分层分析工具。我们描述并说明了使用的流域模型实现的空间对象层次结构，代表连续包含的地形类与类的具体过程作为成员函数。该模型与GRASS和ArcView之间有着一系列较松和较紧的耦合，并辅以特定的地形分析功能。我们说明的数据和模型系统的仪表集水监测的一部分，巴尔的摩生态系统研究（BES），长期生态研究（LTER）网站集中在综合碳，水和养分循环。
The generation, transport and fate of non‐point source pollutants in surface water systems is recognized as a major threat to water supplies, aquatic and coastal ecosystems. The transformation and movement of water, carbon and nutrients through watersheds integrates a set of ecosystem processes along hydrologic flowpaths. Human individual and institutional interactions with these processes involve direct addition or abstraction of these substances, or the alteration of land cover and drainage systems. In natural and developed catchments, these processes often vary at granularities ranging from below the level of a hillslope, up through regional watersheds. This suggests the need for the development of hierarchical analysis tools that can address the integration of a set of biophysical, biogeochemical and socioeconomic processes over a spectrum of scales. We describe and illustrate the use of a watershed model implemented as a spatial object hierarchy, representing successively contained landform classes associated with class specific processes as member functions. The model has been linked in a range of looser and tighter couplings with GRASS and ArcView, supplemented by specific terrain analytical functions. We illustrate the data and model system for an instrumented catchment monitored as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), a Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site centering on integrated carbon, water and nutrient cycling.