Failures to ignore entirely irrelevant distractors: the role of load.
Failures to ignore entirely irrelevant distractors: the role of load.
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DOI：
10.1037/1076-898x.14.1.73
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发表时间：
2008-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lavie N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forster S;Lavie N
在日常生活中(例如，在工作环境中)，人们经常被明显与当前任务无关的刺激分散注意力，这些刺激应该被忽视。相比之下，许多应用分散注意力的研究都集中在需要反应的信息对任务的干扰上，因此不能忽视。此外，最常用的分心实验室测量(例如，在反应-竞争和注意力捕获范式中)通常涉及与任务相关的分心因素(例如，通过反应关联或位置)。一系列实验评估了与当前任务完全无关的刺激的干扰效应，比较了知觉负荷对任务无关和任务相关(反应竞争)干扰因素的影响。结果表明，完全不相关的干扰物对任务绩效的干扰程度与反应竞争干扰物相同，与其他类型的干扰物一样，在相关任务中，高知觉负荷可以消除无关干扰物的干扰效应。这些发现为日常生活中常见的一种注意力分散建立了一种新的实验室测量方法，并强调负荷是这种注意力分散的重要决定因素。
In daily life (e.g., in the work environment) people are often distracted by stimuli that are clearly irrelevant to the current task and should be ignored. In contrast, much applied distraction research has focused on task interruptions by information that requires a response and therefore cannot be ignored. Moreover, the most commonly used laboratory measures of distractibility (e.g., in the response-competition and attentional-capture paradigms), typically involve distractors that are task relevant (e.g., through response associations or location). A series of experiments assessed interference effects from stimuli that are entirely unrelated to the current task, comparing the effects of perceptual load on task-irrelevant and task-relevant (response competing) distractors. The results showed that an entirely irrelevant distractor can interfere with task performance to the same extent as a response-competing distractor and that, as with other types of distractors, the interfering effects of the irrelevant distractors can be eliminated with high perceptual load in the relevant task. These findings establish a new laboratory measure of a form of distractibility common to everyday life and highlight load as an important determinant of such distractibility.