Phylogeny of the Notoungulata (Mammalia) based on cranial and dental characters
Phylogeny of the Notoungulata (Mammalia) based on cranial and dental characters
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DOI：
10.1080/14772019.2010.528456
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Billet, Guillaume
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Billet, Guillaume
Notoungulata是南美洲特有胎盘动物中最丰富的一个目，但该目内的系统发育关系尚不清楚。这项工作提供了简短的描述，新的颅骨字符的系统发育研究的无爪动物，认为重新定义的一些字符的牙嵴，并提供了一个长期逾期的治疗无爪动物的关系-迄今为止最完整的-通过支序系统发育分析，包括50无爪动物属和133个形态特征的头骨和牙齿。无蹄类（包括火炭兽）的单系性得到了许多颅部和牙齿无形的支持。大多数传统的有蹄类超属类群的有效性进行了测试，并支持两个传统的有蹄类亚目Toxodontia和Typotheria的单系性。这两个分类群是统一的一个分支的支持下，一个原始的字符上的形态外翼嵴。Henricosborniidae、Isotemnidae和Oldfieldthomasiidae是并系的，反映了这些科大多由近形特征定义的事实。Notohippidae的单系性受到质疑，以及Leontiniids和toxodontids之间的关系密切的可能性基于颅的论点。据观察，两个主要的亚支分化早期的模式兽：Interatheriidae和分支的Chaeohyracidae + Mesotheriidae + Hegetotheriidae。这一新的从颅和牙齿解剖学的有蹄动物的系统发育是重建无蹄动物的祖先形态型的重要一步，是至关重要的研究这些南美有蹄动物的起源和系统发育的亲缘关系内胎盘。
The Notoungulata is the richest order of South American endemic placentals, but phylogenetic relationships within this order are unclear. This work provides short descriptions of new cranial characters useful for phylogenetic research on notoungulates, argues for a redefinition of some characters on the dental cristae, and provides a long overdue treatment of notoungulate relationships - the most complete thus far - via a cladistic phylogenetic analysis comprising 50 notoungulate genera and 133 morphological characters of the skull and teeth. The monophyly of the Notoungulata (including Pyrotherium) is well supported by numerous cranial and dental apomorphies. The validity of most traditional notoungulates suprageneric taxa is tested, and the monophyly of the two traditional notoungulate suborders Toxodontia and Typotheria is supported. These two taxa are united in a clade supported by an original character on the morphology of the ectopterygoid crests. The Henricosborniidae, Isotemnidae and Oldfieldthomasiidae are paraphyletic, reflecting the fact that these families are mostly defined by plesiomorphic characters. The monophyly of Notohippidae is questioned, as well as the possibility of a close relationship between leontiniids and toxodontids on the basis of cranial arguments. It is observed that two major subclades diverge early within the Typotheria: the Interatheriidae and the clade Archaeohyracidae + Mesotheriidae + Hegetotheriidae. This new phylogeny of the notoungulates from cranial and dental anatomy is an essential step towards reconstructing the ancestral morphotype of the Notoungulata, and is crucial for research on the origin and phylogenetic affinities of these South American ungulates within the Placentalia.