Charcoal kilns as a source of data on the past iron industry (an example from the River Czarna valley, Central Poland)
Charcoal kilns as a source of data on the past iron industry (an example from the River Czarna valley, Central Poland)
复制标题
木炭窑作为过去钢铁工业的数据来源（以波兰中部查尔纳河谷为例）
DOI：
10.1515/environ-2017-0012
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
A. Sady
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paweł Rutkiewicz;I. Malik;M. Wistuba;A. Sady
直到世纪末，木炭一直是铁冶炼和加工的主要燃料。它是通过燃烧称为木炭窑的成堆木材生产的。这项研究的目的是确定和记录与察尔纳河流域（波兰中部的大波兰高地）过去的炼铁厂有关的木炭窑的痕迹。在靠近Maleniec、Kosthoniec和Machory等铁加工历史中心的地区进行了详细分析。基于机载LiDAR的DEM，对地形中的炭窑痕迹进行了定量分析。对从DEM中发现木炭窑痕迹的地点进行了土壤剖面分析，并对从窑残余物中选出的木炭进行了放射性碳测年和古植物学分析。在研究区域，我们确定了11，500多个木炭窑。这些木炭的放射性碳年龄表明，所研究的炭窑使用于15、18和19世纪。因此，研究结果表明，研究地区的铁工业比历史书面资料显示的要早100年。古植物学分析表明，针叶树被用于木炭生产。大量的木炭窑痕迹及其广泛的空间分布表明，过去的木炭生产对察尔纳河流域和邻近地区的环境和景观变化产生了重大影响。
Abstract Charcoal was the primary fuel used for iron smelting and processing until the end of the 19th century. It was produced through burning piles of wood called charcoal kilns. The aim of the study was to identify and record traces of charcoal kilns related to past ironworks in the valley of the River Czarna (Małopolska Upland, Central Poland). Detailed analysis was conducted in areas adjacent to historical centres of iron processing in Maleniec, Kołoniec and Machory. A quantitative analysis of the traces of charcoal kilns in the topography was done based on DEM from airborne LiDAR. Soil profiles were analysed at the sites where traces of charcoal kilns were identified from DEM. Radiocarbon dating and palaeobotanical analyses were performed for selected charcoal from kiln remnants. In the study area we identified over 11,500 charcoal kilns. The radiocarbon age of these charcoals indicate that the charcoal kilns under study were used in the 15th, 18th and 19th century. Thus the results suggest that the iron industry in the studied area is c 100 years older than the historical written sources indicate. Palaeobotanical analyses show that coniferous trees were used for charcoal production. The large number of traces of charcoal kilns and their wide spatial distribution indicate that past charcoal production has had a significant impact on the environment and landscape change in the River Czarna valley and adjacent areas.