Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735

发表时间：

2018-01

期刊：

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

L. Young;K. Ueda;M. Gühr;P. Bucksbaum;M. Simon;S. Mukamel;N. Rohringer;K. Prince;C. Masciovecchio;M. Meyer;A. Rudenko;D. Rolles;C. Bostedt;M. Fuchs;D. Reis;R. Santra;H. Kapteyn;M. Murnane;H. Ibrahim;F. Légaré;M. Vrakking;M. Isinger;D. Kroon;M. Gisselbrecht;A. L’Huillier;H. Wörner;S. Leone

x射线自由电子激光器（XFELs）和基于高谐波产生（HHG）的桌面x射线源已经彻底改变了超快x射线原子和分子物理领域，这主要是由于在过去十年中能力的爆炸式增长。XFELs现在在波长低至~ 1 Ångstrom的x射线中提供前所未有的强度（1020 W cm−2），HHG提供前所未有的时间分辨率（~ 50阿秒）和相应的较长波长的相干带宽。作为上下文，时间尺度可以参考氢原子的玻尔轨道周期为150阿秒，氢分子的振动周期为8飞秒；波长尺度可以参考光子能量为~ 280 eV （44 Ångstroms）的化学意义显著的碳k边和甲烷中的键长为~ 1 Ångstrom。有了这些现代的x射线源，人们现在有能力聚焦于单个原子，即使是嵌入在一个复杂的分子中，并在它们的内在尺度（阿秒和Ångstroms）上观察电子和核的运动。这些光源使相干衍射成像成为可能，人们可以在超快时间尺度上对非晶体物体进行三维成像，可能具有原子分辨率。XFELs提供的前所未有的强度开辟了多光子和非线性x射线物理的新领域，可以探索极端条件下物质的行为。HHG源提供的前所未有的时间分辨率和脉冲同步引发了对光电离时间延迟、分子电荷迁移和锥形交叉点附近动力学的基础研究，这些都是AMO物理和化学的基础。这一路线图与三个新的XFEL设施（运行在Ångstrom波长）向用户开放（欧洲XFEL，瑞士- fel和韩国的PAL-FEL）的一年相一致，这几乎是目前全球XFEL数量的两倍，并记录了自大约30年前发现以来HHG能力的显着进步，展示了AMO物理和其他应用的实验。在这里，我们捕捉了17个领导小组的观点，并将贡献分为四类：超快分子动力学，多维x射线光谱；高强度x射线现象；阿秒x射线科学。

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, largely due to an explosive growth in capabilities in the past decade. XFELs now provide unprecedented intensity (1020 W cm−2) of x-rays at wavelengths down to ∼1 Ångstrom, and HHG provides unprecedented time resolution (∼50 attoseconds) and a correspondingly large coherent bandwidth at longer wavelengths. For context, timescales can be referenced to the Bohr orbital period in hydrogen atom of 150 attoseconds and the hydrogen-molecule vibrational period of 8 femtoseconds; wavelength scales can be referenced to the chemically significant carbon K-edge at a photon energy of ∼280 eV (44 Ångstroms) and the bond length in methane of ∼1 Ångstrom. With these modern x-ray sources one now has the ability to focus on individual atoms, even when embedded in a complex molecule, and view electronic and nuclear motion on their intrinsic scales (attoseconds and Ångstroms). These sources have enabled coherent diffractive imaging, where one can image non-crystalline objects in three dimensions on ultrafast timescales, potentially with atomic resolution. The unprecedented intensity available with XFELs has opened new fields of multiphoton and nonlinear x-ray physics where behavior of matter under extreme conditions can be explored. The unprecedented time resolution and pulse synchronization provided by HHG sources has kindled fundamental investigations of time delays in photoionization, charge migration in molecules, and dynamics near conical intersections that are foundational to AMO physics and chemistry. This roadmap coincides with the year when three new XFEL facilities, operating at Ångstrom wavelengths, opened for users (European XFEL, Swiss-FEL and PAL-FEL in Korea) almost doubling the present worldwide number of XFELs, and documents the remarkable progress in HHG capabilities since its discovery roughly 30 years ago, showcasing experiments in AMO physics and other applications. Here we capture the perspectives of 17 leading groups and organize the contributions into four categories: ultrafast molecular dynamics, multidimensional x-ray spectroscopies; high-intensity x-ray phenomena; attosecond x-ray science.

Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics

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