Lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry
Lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/127.5.805s
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hermier, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermier, D
由于鸟类的从头脂肪酸合成主要发生在肝脏，脂肪组织的生长和随后的增肥取决于血浆甘油三酯的可用性，甘油三酯作为脂蛋白的组成部分进行运输。在生长中的鸟类中，VLDL是甘油三酯的主要转运体，试图减少家禽的过度肥胖涉及到VLDL代谢的控制，鸡的瘦肉和肥肉系是根据它们的腹部脂肪含量或血浆VLDL浓度来选择的。在这两种情况下，肝脏脂肪生成或脂肪组织中的LPL活性在瘦线和胖线之间没有差异，因此它们似乎不是对增肥易感性的限制因素。相比之下，脂肪鸡的肝脏分泌量和血浆VLDL浓度始终高于瘦肉鸡，因此，目前的肉鸡抗过度肥胖的选择方法是基于血浆VLDL与肥胖的直接关系。当肝脏脂肪生成超过VLDL分泌能力时，甘油三酯在肝脏中积累，导致脂肪变性。尽管脂肪肝与蛋鸡产蛋量减少和死亡率增加有关，但过量喂养的鸭和鹅的肝脏脂肪变性具有积极的经济价值，可作为“鹅肝”生产的基础。因此，VLDL的合成和分泌之间的平衡是调节家禽肝脏和肝外脂肪的关键。
Because de novo fatty acid synthesis in birds takes place mainly in the liver, adipose tissue growth and subsequent fattening depend on the availability of plasma triglycerides, which are transported as components of lipoproteins. In growing birds, VLDL is the major transporter of triglycerides, and attempts to reduce excessive fatness in poultry have involved the control of VLDL metabolism, Lean and fat lines of chickens have been selected on the basis of either their abdominal fat content or plasma VLDL concentration. In both cases, hepatic lipogenesis or LPL activity in adipose tissue did not differ between lean and fat lines, and therefore they did not appear to be limiting factors of susceptibility to fattening. In contrast, hepatic secretion and plasma concentration of VLDL were always higher in fat chickens than in lean chickens, Thus, current methods of selection of broilers against excessive fatness are based on this direct relationship between plasma VLDL and adiposity. When hepatic lipogenesis exceeds the capacity of VLDL secretion, triglycerides accumulate in the liver, causing steatosis, Although fatty liver is associated with reduced egg production and increased mortality in laying hens, hepatic steatosis in overfed ducks and geese is of positive economic value, serving as the basis for ''foie-gras'' production. The balance between synthesis and secretion of VLDL is therefore the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fattening in poultry.