A method-centric 'User Manual' for the mitigation of diffuse water pollution from agriculture
A method-centric 'User Manual' for the mitigation of diffuse water pollution from agriculture
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DOI：
10.1111/sum.12242
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Chambers, B. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuttle, S. P.;Newell-Price, J. P.;Chambers, B. J.
我们描述了减轻农业弥漫水污染方法手册的发展及其对英格兰和威尔士政策和实践的重要影响。《用户手册》的目的是以非专家容易理解的形式，向政策制定者和政策执行者提供有关潜在方法的成本、有效性和适用性的信息。《用户手册》以综合现有研究数据的早期报告为基础，在没有数据的情况下，使用了专家启发。结果产生了44种可能的方法(在土地利用、土壤管理、牲畜管理、化肥管理、粪便管理和农场基础设施等大类下)，并描述了与基线损失相比，应用每种方法对硝酸盐、磷和粪便指示生物损失的同时影响。在整个农场一级提出了七种示范农场类型的成本和效益估计。这些方法在成本效益和对不同模式农场的适用性方面存在很大差异。讨论了这种方法的优点和局限性，描述了最初的“用户手册”的后续发展，以及使用“用户手册”在农场实施缓解方法的集水官员的意见。
We describe the development of a manual of methods for mitigating diffuse water pollution from agriculture and its important influence on policy and practice in England and Wales. The objective of the 'User Manual' was to provide policy makers and those implementing policies with information about the cost, effectiveness and applicability of potential methods in a form that would be readily understood by non-specialists. The 'User Manual' was based on earlier reports synthesizing available research data and, where data were unavailable, used expert elicitation. The outcome generated 44 potential methods (under the broad categories of land use, soil management, livestock management, fertilizer management, manure management and farm infrastructure) and described the simultaneous impact of applying each method on losses of nitrate, phosphorus and faecal indicator organisms relative to baseline losses. Estimates of cost and effectiveness were presented at the whole-farm level for seven model farm types. Methods differed widely in their cost-effectiveness and applicability to the different model farms. Advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed and subsequent developments of the original 'User Manual' are described, together with the opinions of catchment officers who have used the 'User Manual' to implement mitigation methods on farms.