Masked prime stimuli can bias "free" choices between response alternatives
Masked prime stimuli can bias "free" choices between response alternatives
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196596
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Eimer, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schlaghecken, F;Eimer, M
低于意识阈值的刺激可以系统地影响由指令刺激-反应（S-R）映射（任务集）确定的选择反应。在这项研究中，我们调查是否这样的刺激也会偏见的两个反应的选择之间的自由选择的条件下，这种选择主观上似乎是内部产生的和自由的。参与者必须对前面有掩蔽箭头启动的目标做出反应。指向左和指向右的箭头目标需要左或右的反应，而随机散布的“自由选择”的目标表明，参与者可以自由选择任何一种反应。虽然掩蔽启动不能被有意识地区分，但它们不仅系统地影响对箭靶的表现，而且影响对反应方案的自由选择。这表明，表面上“自由”的选择并不能避免无意识引发的偏见。然而，在没有特定的S-R映射强加的块中，掩蔽素数并不影响自由选择的性能，这表明这些效果不是自动的，而是由当前活动的任务集决定的。
Stimuli presented below the threshold of awareness can systematically influence choice responses determined by the instructed stimulus-response (S-R) mapping (task set). In this study, we investigated whether such stimuli will also bias a free choice between two response alternatives under conditions in which this choice subjectively appears to be internally generated and free. Participants had to respond to targets preceded by masked arrow primes. Left-pointing and right-pointing arrow targets required left or right responses, whereas randomly interspersed "free-choice" targets indicated that the participants were free to choose either response. Although masked primes could not be consciously discriminated, they systematically affected not only performance to arrow targets, but also the free choice between response alternatives. This demonstrates that apparently "free" choices are not immune to nonconsciously triggered biases. However, in blocks in which no specific S-R mapping was imposed, masked primes did not affect free-choice performance, indicating that these effects are not automatic but are determined by currently active task sets.