The Negative Constitution: A Critique
The Negative Constitution: A Critique
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否定宪法：批判
DOI：
10.2307/1289540
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Susan A. Bandes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Susan A. Bandes
在传统观念中，宪法是一部消极自由的宪章。政府的不作为是不可诉的。正当程序条款不赠款任何平权。这些短语是为了表示讨论的结束。然而，当结论性的咒语允许伤害不受限制地蓬勃发展时，它们应该被仔细审查。这篇文章进行了这种审查。第一部分介绍了目前的做法，要求坚持消极宪法的概念。第二部分批评的假设，目前的做法，并证明其不良后果的决定法。第三部分探讨了承认肯定性政府职责的顽固障碍：消极宪法概念的宪法、哲学和普通法根源，以及承认肯定性职责将导致混乱的信念。最后，第四部分建议放弃消极权利的修辞，并提出了一种方法来构建一个更好地设计实现宪法目标的理论。
In the conventional wisdom, the Constitution is a charter of negative liberties. Governmental inaction is not actionable. The due process clause grants no affirmative rights. These phrases are meant to signal the end of discussion. Yet when conclusory incantations permit harm to flourish unchecked, they ought to be scrutinized with care. This article undertakes that scrutiny. Part I describes the current approach, which demands adherence to the notion of a negative constitution. Part II critiques the assumptions underlying the current approach and demonstrates its undesirable consequences in decisional law. Part III explores the tenacious barriers to recognition of affirmative governmental duties: the constitutional, philosophical, and common law roots of the notion of a negative constitution, as well as the belief that recognizing affirmative duties would be an invitation to chaos. Finally, Part IV proposes discarding the rhetoric of negative rights and suggests an approach for constructing a theory better designed to effectuate constitutional goals.