Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: associations with parental mental health and family functioning
Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: associations with parental mental health and family functioning
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00904.x
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Einfeld, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herring, S.;Gray, K.;Einfeld, S.
背景 患有智力障碍的儿童和青少年（通常从很小的时候）就经常出现行为和情绪问题。一些研究表明，患有自闭症的儿童和青少年的发病率甚至更高。对于自闭症幼儿的这些困难的表现、发展和家庭影响知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨患有广泛性发育障碍 (PDD) 的幼儿、没有 PDD 的发育迟缓儿童及其家人的这些问题。方法 参与者是 123 名 20-51 个月大的儿童，转诊至发育评估诊所。父母填写了一份关于儿童行为和情绪问题的清单，以及关于家庭功能、他们自己的心理健康以及与养育孩子有关的压力的个人调查问卷。通过标准化措施评估孩子的语言和认知技能、适应性功能和行为。诊断后一年重复测量。将患有 PDD 的幼儿的行为和情绪问题与未患有 PDD 的发育迟缓儿童进行比较，并探讨它们对父母结果的随时间的影响。结果 儿童行为和情绪问题、父母心理健康问题、父母压力和家庭功能的初始和后续测量显着相关，提供了随着时间的推移稳定性的一些证据。与儿童诊断（PDD/非 PDD）、延迟或性别相比，儿童情绪和行为问题对母亲压力、父母心理健康问题和感知家庭功能障碍的影响更大。与母亲相比，所有父亲在养育孩子方面的压力都显着减轻。结论结果强调了解决患有自闭症和/或发育迟缓的幼儿情绪和行为问题的重要性。在此背景下，母亲、父亲和家庭需要早期支持和干预也得到了证明。研究表明，行为和情绪问题持续到青春期和成年早期，了解幼儿及其父母的这些问题对于干预和长期结果具有重要意义。
Background Behavioural and emotional problems occur at a high rate in children and adolescents with intellectual disability, often from a young age. Some studies have indicated that children and adolescents with autism present with even higher rates. Less is known about the presentation, development and family impact of these difficulties in young children with autism. This study aimed to explore these issues in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), those with delay without a PDD, and their families.Methods Participants were 123 children aged 20-51 months, referred to a developmental assessment clinic. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on family functioning, their own mental health, and stress in relation to parenting their child. The child's language and cognitive skills, adaptive functioning and behaviour were assessed by standardized measures. Measures were repeated 1 year postdiagnosis. Behavioural and emotional problems in young children with a PDD were compared with those in children with developmental delay without a PDD, and their impact on parental outcomes explored over time.Results Initial and follow-up measures of child behaviour and emotional problems, parent mental health problems, parent stress and family functioning were significantly correlated, providing some evidence of stability over time. Child emotional and behavioural problems contributed significantly more to mother stress, parent mental health problems, and perceived family dysfunction than child diagnosis (PDD/non-PDD), delay or gender. Compared with mothers, all fathers reported significantly less stress in relation to parenting their child.Conclusion Results highlighted the importance of addressing emotional and behavioural problems in very young children with autism and/or developmental delay. The need for early support and intervention for mothers, fathers and families in this context was also evidenced. As research has shown that behavioural and emotional problems persist into adolescence and young adulthood, understanding of these issues in very young children and their parents has important implications for intervention and long-term outcomes.