Quantum observation scheme universally identifying causalities from correlations

Quantum observation scheme universally identifying causalities from correlations
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量子观测方案普遍从相关性中识别因果关系

DOI:
10.1103/physreva.101.062103
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发表时间:
2020-06
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Dawei Song
Dawei Song
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chenguang Zhang;Yuexian Hou;Dawei Song

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长期以来,人们一直认为确定观察到的两个经典变量之间的统计相关性是来自因果关系还是来自共同原因一直是一个困难的问题。最近的研究表明,在量子理论框架下,纠缠和量子相干机制为解决这一问题提供了优势。在某些特殊情况下,仅通过观察就可以有效地区分量子共同原因和量子因果关系。然而,这些解决方案并不适用于所有情况。量子公共原因和量子因果关系仍然存在着无法区分的巨大案例。本文沿着量子世界中把么正变换看作因果关系的思路,形式化地证明了量子公共原因和量子因果关系是普遍可分的。在此基础上,进一步给出了区分两者的一般方法。
It has long been recognized as a difficult problem to determine whether the observed statistical correlation between two classical variables arise from causality or from common causes. Recent research has shown that in quantum theoretical framework, the mechanisms of entanglement and quantum coherence provide an advantage in tackling this problem. In some particular cases, quantum common causes and quantum causality can be effectively distinguished using observations only. However, these solutions do not apply to all cases. There still exist enormous cases in which quantum common causes and quantum causality can not be distinguished. In this paper, along the line of considering unitary transformation as causality in the quantum world, we formally show quantum common causes and quantum causality are universally separable. Based on the analysis, we further provide a general method to discriminate the two.
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