The Effect of Economic Downturns on Apprenticeships and Initial Workplace Training: A Review of the Evidence
The Effect of Economic Downturns on Apprenticeships and Initial Workplace Training: A Review of the Evidence
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经济衰退对学徒制和初始工作场所培训的影响：证据审查
DOI：
10.1007/bf03546484
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Brunello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Brunello
关于学徒制、最初的工作场所培训和经济衰退之间关系的现有经验证据相对较少。这本文献的底线是，学徒与雇员的比例往往(温和地)顺周期，并在经济衰退期间下降，大萧条(Great Depression)是一个明显的例外，当时这一比例上升(至少在英国是这样)。当考虑到不包括学徒的更广泛的培训措施时，证据的权重有利于反周期培训发生率。本文认为，这些发现的可能协调是基于认识到公司可能有动机在经济低迷期间培训在职者，同时减少对年轻员工的招聘和培训，这些年轻员工从事从学校到工作的过渡。
The existing empirical evidence on the relationship between apprenticeships, initial workplace training and economic downturns, is relatively scarce. The bottom line of this literature is that ratio of apprentices to employees tends to be (mildly) pro-cyclical and to decline during a recession, with the notable exception of the Great Depression, when it rose (at least in England). When broader measures of training are considered, which exclude apprentices, the weight of the evidence is in favour of counter-cyclical training incidence. This paper suggests that a possible reconciliation of these findings is based on recognizing that firms may have incentives to train incumbents during a downturn and at the same time to reduce the recruitment and training of young employees, who are engaged in the transition from school to work.