Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock
Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock
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破碎的亚马逊森林景观中的人类与野生动物冲突：大型猫科动物掠夺牲畜的决定因素
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发表时间：
2006
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carlos A. Peres
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作者：
Fernanda Michalski;R. L. P. Boulhosa;A. Faria;Carlos A. Peres
大多数大型食肉动物物种在全球范围内正在减少。与人类的冲突，特别是对小型和大型牲畜的掠夺，是这种下降的主要原因之一。沿着热带森林砍伐的边界，大型田野往往从自然猎物转向牲畜猎物，因为它们与人类农业的距离越来越近，从而增加了与人类发生冲突的可能性。基于236个牧场的数据，我们描述了美洲豹和美洲狮对牛群的捕食水平，并研究了景观结构和牛群管理对巴西南部亚马逊地区高度破碎的森林景观的空间格局和捕食水平的影响。广义线性模型表明，景观变量（包括剩余森林面积比例和到最近河岸森林走廊的距离）分别是影响捕食事件的关键正因素和负因素。我们在旱季结束的产犊高峰期发现了明显的掠夺高峰。在详细调查的60个牛场中，牛群规模和森林面积比例对捕食率有正影响。另一方面，距离最近的河岸森林走廊的距离与被捕食牛的数量呈负相关。24个月间，该地区因牛类规模的不同，平均牛流失率（<500:0.82%;500 - 1500:1.24%;500 - 1500:0.26%）均不大于1.24%。大型牛场的年度货币成本最高（1500头牛），达到885.40美元。森林面积的比例、到最近的河岸走廊的距离、每年产犊高峰和牛群规模等景观和牲畜管理变量的组合可以解释这种掠夺模式。
Most large carnivore species are in global decline. Conflicts with people, particularly over depredation on small and large livestock, is one of the major causes of this decline. Along tropical deforestation frontiers, large felids often shift from natural to livestock prey because of their increased proximity to human agriculture, thus increasing the likelihood of conflicts with humans. On the basis of data from 236 cattle ranches, we describe levels of depredation by jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor on bovine herd stocks and examine the effects of both landscape structure and cattle management on the spatial patterns and levels of predation in a highly fragmented forest landscape of southern Brazilian Amazonia. Generalized linear models showed that landscape variables, including proportion of forest area remaining and distance to the nearest riparian forest corridor, were key positive and negative determinants of predation events, respectively. We detected clear peaks of depredation during the peak calving period at the end of the dry season. Bovine herd size and proportion of forest area had positive effects on predation rates in 60 cattle ranches investigated in more detail. On the other hand, distance from the nearest riparian forest corridor was negatively correlated with the number of cattle predated. The mean proportion of cattle lost to large felids in 24 months for the region varied according to the herd class size (<500: 0.82%; 500–1500: 1.24%; >1500: 0.26%) but was never greater than 1.24%. The highest annual monetary costs were detected in large cattle ranches (>1500 head of cattle), reaching US$ 885.40. Patterns of depredation can be explained by a combination of landscape and livestock management variables such as proportion of forest area, distance to the nearest riparian corridor, annual calving peak and bovine herd size.