Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar
Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar
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多年生木质纤维素生物质作物柳枝稷、芒草、柳树和杨树的育种进展和大规模推广准备
DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12566
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Lewandowski, Iris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clifton-Brown, John;Harfouche, Antoine;Lewandowski, Iris
通过育种进行遗传改良是增加生物质供应的关键途径之一。本文记录了迄今为止四种具有高输出-输入能量比的多年生生物质作物（PBC）的育种进展：柳枝稷（柳枝稷）、芒属（芒草）、柳属（杨柳）和杨属（白杨）。对于每一种作物，我们报告的种质资源收集的规模，努力到目前为止的表型和基因型，多样性可用于育种和育种工作的规模所示的尝试杂交的数量。我们还报道了利用分子育种技术进行更快、更精确育种的进展。白杨是遗传学研究的模式树种，在生物学知识和遗传资源方面走在最前面。连锁图谱、转基因和基因组编辑方法现在正用于商业化的白杨育种。这些正在开发中的柳枝稷，芒草和杨柳产生大的遗传和表型数据集，需要在信息学的伴随努力，以创建可以访问和实际育种使用的摘要。柳枝稷和芒草的品种可以是基于种子的合成群体、半杂种或克隆。杨柳和白杨栽培品种作为克隆在商业上部署。在地方和区域一级，每种作物的最先进品种都处于技术成熟水平，现有的商业开发商可以在大约5年内将种植率扩大到每年数千公顷。投资于进一步开发更好的品种受制于目前的市场失灵和漫长的育种周期。我们的结论是，持续的公共投资育种发挥了关键作用，提供未来大规模部署的PBCs。
Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.