Market-Engineering
Market-Engineering
复制标题
市场工程
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dirk Neumann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christof Weinhardt;C. Holtmann;Dirk Neumann
1、为什么是市场工程？设计和实施电子市场的困难往往是技术和经济目标的相互依赖性（Weinhardt等人，2006年）。从经济学的观点来看，电子市场必须包含共同的经济绩效要求，如配置效率。然而，在构建新市场时，依赖于从其他环境中了解到的现有市场机制可能会导致效率低下（Lai 2005）。机制设计者还必须考虑目标域的技术条件。举个例子，在分配网格计算资源的市场的情况下，这些条件包括网格中间件和潜在的网格用户和应用程序的要求方面的基础环境。市场应该充当资源配置管理者，因此，满足对这种管理者的一般要求。这允许引入这样的前提条件，即适合于网格的市场必须实现为电子市场。否则，市场不能满足网格资源管理系统所要求的自动资源分配。从技术和经济角度提出的不同要求可能导致不同的、往往相互冲突的目标。Lai（2005，p.4）指出，“一个纯粹的机制设计者可能会设计一个具有高经济效率的经济机制，但很少关注计算效率、可靠性、安全性、复杂性和易用性等传统指标。纯粹的系统设计者通常做相反的事情。“因此，无论是纯粹的机制设计驱动还是纯粹的系统设计驱动的方法，都不可能导致一个有用的整体设计和建立一个适当的电子市场。在构建电子市场时，必须考虑技术基础、潜在用户需求、商业约束和经济目标等因素对市场的不同影响。这些影响中的每一个都对结果产生了深远的影响，因此，对市场的接受度产生了深远的影响（Weinhardt et al. 2003）。市场工程方法通过结构化、系统化和市场工程2理论上建立的设计、实施、评估和引入电子市场平台的程序来管理这些影响（Weinhardt等人。市场工程方法通过图1所示的过程来构建：在第一阶段，根据新电子市场的目标，推导出新电子市场的要求。随后，在设计新市场时，同时考虑交易对象、市场微观结构、IT基础设施和业务...
1 Why Market Engineering? The difficulty in designing and implementing electronic markets is oftentimes the interdependence of technical and economic objectives (Weinhardt et al. 2006). From an economic viewpoint, an electronic market must encompass common economic performance desiderata such as allocative efficiency. Relying on existing market mechanisms known from other contexts when constructing new markets may, however, result in poor efficiency (Lai 2005). The mechanism designer also has to account for the technical conditions of the target domain. To give an example, in case of a market for allocating Grid computing resources these conditions comprise the underlying environment in terms of Grid middleware and the requirements of potential Grid users and applications. The market should act as a resource allocation manager, hence, fulfilling general requirements upon such a manager. This allows the introduction of the precondition that a market apt for the Grid has to be realized as an electronic market. Otherwise, the market cannot fulfill an automated resource allocation as required by a Grid resource management system. Different requirements from technical and economic viewpoints may lead to different and oftentimes conflicting objectives. Lai (2005, p.4) points out that " a pure mechanism designer is likely to design an economic mechanism with high economic efficiency, but with little concern for traditional metrics of computational efficiency, reliability, security, complexity, and ease-of-use. Pure system designers have generally done the inverse. " As such, neither a pure mechanism design driven nor a pure system design driven approach may lead to a useful overall design and implementation of an adequate electronic market. When constructing electronic markets, it is essential to consider different influences that arise from technical fundamentals, potential user requirements, business constraints, and economic objectives. Each of these influences has a profound impact on the outcome and, as a consequence, on the acceptance of the market (Weinhardt et al. 2003). The market engineering approach manages these influences by means of a structured, systematic, and Market Engineering 2 theoretically founded procedure of designing, implementing, evaluating, and introducing electronic market platforms (Weinhardt et al. The market engineering approach is structured by means of a process as depicted in Figure 1: Taking into account the objectives of the new electronic markets, the requirements of the new electronic market are deduced in the first stage. Subsequently, the new market is designed with simultaneous consideration of the transaction object, the market microstructure, the IT infrastructure, and the business …