Dietary calcium intakes of urban children at risk of lead poisoning
Dietary calcium intakes of urban children at risk of lead poisoning
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DOI：
10.2307/3434623
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Bogden, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruening, K;Kemp, FW;Bogden, JD
众所周知，膳食钙可以减少胃肠道对铅的吸收，从而降低铅中毒的风险。由于经济贫困的城市中心的儿童特别可能有过量的铅暴露，我们调查了来自新泽西大纽瓦克地区的314名儿童的膳食钙摄入量。所研究的纽瓦克地区和邻近社区先前已被地理信息系统技术确定为含有重要的环境铅来源。一个简化的国家癌症研究所健康习惯和历史问卷，修改为关注高钙食物，用于确定膳食钙。然后将钙摄入量与新的膳食参考摄入量（DRI）指南进行比较。受访者主要是非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的父母，年龄从1岁到8岁不等，平均年龄为3.5岁。最近的血铅浓度为11.4 +/- 0.8 μ g/dL（平均值+/-标准误差），48.6%的血铅浓度等于或高于现行指南10 μ g/dL。五分之一的钙摄入量为：221 +/- 13; 488 +/- 9; 720 +/- 6; 885 +/- 6;和1，389 +/- 49 mg/天。175名1-3岁儿童中有55名（31.4%）的钙摄入量低于DRI，139名4-8岁儿童中有82名（59.0%）。报告其子女乳糖不耐受的母亲比例为2.5%。最高五分之一的儿童很容易超过钙的DRI，这表明在孩子的膳食中包括乳制品的城市父母可以提供符合DRI指南的饮食。处于最低五分之一的儿童面临着增加环境铅吸收的风险，他们不可避免地暴露于环境铅中，以及与膳食钙摄入量低有关的其他问题。数据表明，铅暴露和低钙饮食继续对城市少数民族儿童构成重大健康风险。
Dietary calcium is well known to decrease gastrointestinal lead absorption and thereby reduce the risk for lead poisoning. Because children in economically deprived urban centers are especially likely to have excessive lead exposure, we surveyed dietary calcium intakes of 314 children from the greater Newark, New Jersey, area. The areas of Newark and adjacent communities studied had been previously identified as containing significant sources of environmental lead by geographic information systems technology. An abbreviated National Cancer Institute Health Habits and History Questionnaire, modified to focus on foods high in calcium, was used to determine dietary calcium. Calcium intakes were then compared to the new Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) guidelines. The respondents were primarily the parents of African-American and Hispanic children ranging in age from 1 to 8 years, with a mean age of 3.5 years. The most recent blood lead concentration was 11.4 +/- 0.8 mu g/dL (mean +/- standard error), and 48.6% had concentrations at or above the current guideline of 10 mu g/dL. Quintiles of calcium intake were: 221 +/- 13; 488 +/- 9; 720 +/- 6; 885 +/- 6; and 1,389 +/- 49 mg/day. Fifty-five of 175 (31.4%) children aged 1-3 years had calcium intakes below the DRI, as did 82 of 139 (59.0%) children aged 4-8 years. The percentage of mothers reporting lactose intolerance in their children was 2.5%. The observation that the children in the highest quintile easily exceeded the DRIs for calcium suggests that urban parents who include dairy foods in their childrens' meals can provide a diet that meets the DRI guidelines. Children in the lowest quintiles are at risk of increased absorption of the environmental lead to which they are inevitably exposed, as well as other problems associated with a low intake of dietary calcium. The data suggest that both lead exposure and low dietary calcium continue to pose significant health risks to urban minority children.