Behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys and mothers.
Behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys and mothers.
复制标题
幼年恒河猴和母亲对分离的行为和激素反应。
DOI：
10.1037//0735-7044.99.3.399
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Gonzalez,CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levine,S;Johnson,DF;Gonzalez,CA
在4月龄和9月龄的恒河猴幼猴中研究了社会刺激对行为和生理反应的影响。婴儿和母亲被从社会群体中分离出来，并以成对的方式安置。在此期间之后，将婴儿取出并在四种平衡条件下分开：（a）完全隔离-放置在饲养笼中24小时;（B）母亲在场，无接触-鉴于其母亲，将其安置在单个笼中，无接触;（c）母亲在场，接触-类似于上述，母亲靠近婴儿;和（d）同伴在场-分开但靠近同伴。在第一个实验中，婴儿在完全孤立的情况下很少发声，但在母亲在场的情况下，无论有无接触，发声率都很高。在母亲在场的条件下，他们没有表现出血浆皮质醇反应。相反，完全隔离的婴儿显示出血浆皮质醇的显着升高。在9个月大时，这些婴儿在两种不同的条件下分开3天：母亲在场和完全隔离。再次，完全隔离的婴儿几乎没有发声，但血浆皮质醇显著升高。与此相反，在母亲在场的情况下分开的婴儿表现出较高的发声率，但没有皮质醇反应。抗议和绝望的概念进行了讨论，因为它们涉及到不同的分离范式观察到的行为和生理差异。
Effects of social stimuli on behavioral and physiological responses were examined in infant rhesus monkeys at 4 and 9 months of age. Infants and mothers were removed from the social group and housed as dyads. Following this period, infants were removed and separated under four counterbalanced conditions:(a) totally isolated—placed in a holding cage for 24 hr;(b) mother present, no contact—housed in a single cage in view of their mother, no contact;(c) mother present, contact—similar to above, with mother in proximity to the infant; and (d) peer present—separated but in proximity to a peer. In the first experiment, the infants rarely vocalized when totally isolated but showed high rates of vocalization in the presence of the mother, both with and without contact. In the mother-present conditions, they failed to show a plasma cortisol response. In contrast, totally isolated infants showed a significant elevation in plasma cortisol. At 9 months of age, these infants were separated for 3 days under two different conditions: mother present and totally isolated. Once again, the infants that were totally isolated showed little vocalization but significant elevations in plasma cortisol. In contrast, infants separated in the presence of their mothers showed high vocalization rates but no cortisol response. The concepts of protest and despair are discussed as they relate to behavioral and physiological differences observed following different separation paradigms.