The Roles of Farmers, Scientists, and Extension Staff in Technology Development for Soil Frost Control as an Adaptation to Climate Change in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan
The Roles of Farmers, Scientists, and Extension Staff in Technology Development for Soil Frost Control as an Adaptation to Climate Change in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan
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日本北海道十胜市农民、科学家和推广人员在土壤霜冻控制技术开发中的作用，以适应气候变化
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-13-9235-1_14
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kobayashi Kazuhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirota Tomoyoshi;Kobayashi Kazuhiko
对于农业适应气候变化的任何措施，关键是要得到目标地区大多数农民的采纳。我们利用创新范式传播中的概念，调查了日本北海道德胜地区农民广泛采用土壤霜冻控制（SFC）措施来防止志愿者马铃薯（VP）因气候变化而扩散。在初始阶段，除雪作为一种农民发明的抑制VP的创新而传播，但采用者有时会因土壤霜冻不足或过度而遇到不希望的结果。一个推广人员把这个问题引起了一位科学家的注意，这位科学家开发了一个土壤温度模型。通过该模型，农民实践演变为SFC技术，以获得最佳土壤霜冻。该技术是在一个基于网络的决策支持系统中实施的，供农民使用，促进了该地区农民的广泛采用。SFC的两个关键步骤：农民发明的除雪和科学家开发的土壤温度模型，并不是为了利用气候变化适应，而是最初在农民网络上发现了它们的用途，后来在科学家和推广人员的网络上发现了它们的用途。
For any measures of agricultural adaptation to climatic change, it is critical that they be adopted by most farmers in the target region. We investigated farmers’ wide adoption of soil frost control (SFC) measures against the proliferation of volunteer potatoes (VP) due to climate change in the Tokachi region of Hokkaido, Japan, making use of concepts in thediffusion of innovationsparadigm. In the initial stage, snowplowing spread as a farmer-invented innovation to suppress VP, but the adopters sometimes encountered undesired outcomes due to insufficient or excessive soil frost. An extension staff brought this problem to the attention of a scientist, who had developed a soil temperature model. With the model, the farmer practice evolved into the SFC technology to attain the optimum soil frost. The technology was implemented in a web-based decision-support system for use by the farmers, which facilitated its wide adoption by farmers across the region. The two critical steps to SFC: the farmer’s invention of snowplowing and the scientist’s development of soil temperature model, were made with no intention for the use to climate change adaptation, instead their use was found on the farmers’ network initially and the network of scientists and extension staffs later.