Greenhouse gas emissions from tropical forest degradation: an underestimated source.
Greenhouse gas emissions from tropical forest degradation: an underestimated source.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13021-017-0072-2
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sidman G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pearson TRH;Brown S;Murray L;Sidman G
发展中国家的森林退化，特别是热带和亚热带地区的森林退化，被认为是造成全球温室气体排放的一个重要因素。然而，对森林退化的影响研究不足，了解甚少，主要是因为国际减排方案侧重于毁林，因为毁林更容易发现，因此更容易监测。为了更好地了解和抓住应对气候变化的机会，必须提高对森林退化造成的温室气体排放的认识。在此，我们对74个发展中国家2005年至2010年期间的森林退化排放量进行了一致的估计，覆盖了22亿公顷的森林。我们估计每年的二氧化碳排放量为21亿吨，其中53%来自木材采伐，30%来自木材燃料采伐，17%来自森林火灾。这些百分比因地区而异：南美洲和中美洲的木材采伐率高达69%，非洲仅为31%;亚洲的木材燃料采伐率为35%，南美洲和中美洲仅为10%;非洲的火灾率为33%，亚洲仅为5%。在毁林和森林退化所致排放总量中，森林退化占25%。在74个国家中，有28个国家的森林退化排放量超过了毁林排放量。这项研究的结果清楚地表明，核算人类活动造成的森林退化所产生的温室气体十分重要。所提出的排放规模表明，将森林退化排除在国家和国际温室气体核算之外是扭曲的。这项工作有助于确定排放量可能很大的地方，但需要制定政策来指导何时以及如何进行核算。此外，需要不断进行研究，以建立和加强具有成本效益的会计方法。
The degradation of forests in developing countries, particularly those within tropical and subtropical latitudes, is perceived to be an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impacts of forest degradation are understudied and poorly understood, largely because international emission reduction programs have focused on deforestation, which is easier to detect and thus more readily monitored. To better understand and seize opportunities for addressing climate change it will be essential to improve knowledge of greenhouse gas emissions from forest degradation. Here we provide a consistent estimation of forest degradation emissions between 2005 and 2010 across 74 developing countries covering 2.2 billion hectares of forests. We estimated annual emissions of 2.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide, of which 53% were derived from timber harvest, 30% from woodfuel harvest and 17% from forest fire. These percentages differed by region: timber harvest was as high as 69% in South and Central America and just 31% in Africa; woodfuel harvest was 35% in Asia, and just 10% in South and Central America; and fire ranged from 33% in Africa to only 5% in Asia. Of the total emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, forest degradation accounted for 25%. In 28 of the 74 countries, emissions from forest degradation exceeded those from deforestation. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of accounting greenhouse gases from forest degradation by human activities. The scale of emissions presented indicates that the exclusion of forest degradation from national and international GHG accounting is distorting. This work helps identify where emissions are likely significant, but policy developments are needed to guide when and how accounting should be undertaken. Furthermore, ongoing research is needed to create and enhance cost-effective accounting approaches.