Quantification and Statistical Modeling-Part I: Breathing-Zone Concentrations of Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate
Quantification and Statistical Modeling-Part I: Breathing-Zone Concentrations of Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mep046
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nylander-French, Leena A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fent, Kenneth W.;Gaines, Linda G. Trelles;Nylander-French, Leena A.
我们对来自北卡罗来纳州和华盛顿州的47名汽车喷漆工进行了一项重复的基于任务的1，6-二异氰酸酯（HDI）单体和聚合物的呼吸区浓度（BZC）的可靠性评估调查。我们在这里报告使用线性混合建模，以确定测量的BZC的主要决定因素。一阶段（N = 98油漆任务）和两阶段（N = 198油漆任务）过滤器采样用于测量HDI，尿苷酮，缩二脲和异氰脲酸酯的浓度。异氰脲酸酯的几何平均值（GM）水平（1410 μ g m（-3））高于所有其他分析物（即GM < 7.85 μ g m（-3））。混合模型对每种分析物都是独特的，包括分析物特定的油漆浓度、喷漆室中的气流和采样器类型等因素。采样器类型的影响得到了证实，并排的一个和两个阶段的个人空气采样（N = 16油漆任务）。根据配对t检验，使用一级采样器测量到显著更高浓度的HDI（P = 0.0363）和异氰脲酸酯（P = 0.0035）。计算每个模型的边际R-2统计量;显著固定效应能够分别描述HDI、uretidone、缩二脲和异氰脲酸酯BZC的25%、52%、54%和20%的变异性。在这项研究中开发的混合模型的特点，管理个别多异氰酸酯BZC的过程。此外，混合模型确定了减少多异氰酸酯BZC的方法，从而保护油漆工免受潜在的不良健康影响。
We conducted a repeated exposure-assessment survey for task-based breathing-zone concentrations (BZCs) of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) during spray painting on 47 automotive spray painters from North Carolina and Washington State. We report here the use of linear mixed modeling to identify the primary determinants of the measured BZCs. Both one-stage (N = 98 paint tasks) and two-stage (N = 198 paint tasks) filter sampling was used to measure concentrations of HDI, uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate. The geometric mean (GM) level of isocyanurate (1410 mu g m(-3)) was higher than all other analytes (i.e. GM < 7.85 mu g m(-3)). The mixed models were unique to each analyte and included factors such as analyte-specific paint concentration, airflow in the paint booth, and sampler type. The effect of sampler type was corroborated by side-by-side one- and two-stage personal air sampling (N = 16 paint tasks). According to paired t-tests, significantly higher concentrations of HDI (P = 0.0363) and isocyanurate (P = 0.0035) were measured using one-stage samplers. Marginal R-2 statistics were calculated for each model; significant fixed effects were able to describe 25, 52, 54, and 20% of the variability in BZCs of HDI, uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate, respectively. Mixed models developed in this study characterize the processes governing individual polyisocyanate BZCs. In addition, the mixed models identify ways to reduce polyisocyanate BZCs and, hence, protect painters from potential adverse health effects.