HETEROGENEITY OF LAYER-II NEURONS IN HUMAN ENTORHINAL CORTEX
HETEROGENEITY OF LAYER-II NEURONS IN HUMAN ENTORHINAL CORTEX
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.903210206
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发表时间：
1992-07-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
LEWIS, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEALL, MJ;LEWIS, DA
人类内嗅皮质第二层神经元的异常与阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症的病理生理学有关。所报道的异常现象并未均匀分布在整个内嗅皮层中，这表明内嗅皮层第二层可能包含不同的神经元亚群，每个亚群对病理机制的易感性不同。为了研究人类内嗅皮层第二层神经元可能的异质性，我们首先通过采用 Amaral 等人描述的猴内嗅皮层细分的细胞结构标准来识别人类内嗅皮层的不同细分。 (J Comp Neurol 264:326, 1987)。通过使用免疫组织化学技术确定人类第二层神经元不同亚群的形态和区域分布。第二层特征细胞簇或岛中的多极、星状和修饰的锥体神经元对非磷酸化神经丝蛋白具有免疫反应性。非磷酸化神经丝蛋白的免疫反应强度沿着内嗅皮层的头尾轴逐渐增加，这主要是由于每个岛标记神经元密度的相似梯度。在第二层和浅层 III 的锥体和非锥体神经元中都发现了钙结合蛋白 calbindin D-28K。钙结合蛋白免疫反应性神经元的分布也取决于内嗅皮层的区域。在头侧内嗅皮层中，标记的神经元分散在整个浅层中，而在尾侧内嗅皮层中，在第二层岛中发现了独特的小钙结合蛋白免疫反应性神经元斑块。另一种钙结合蛋白小清蛋白存在于第二层和第三层的非锥体神经元中，与含有钙结合蛋白的神经元不同。小白蛋白阳性神经元的区域分布与神经丝免疫反应性神经元的区域分布非常相似；在头端内嗅皮层中，很少有小白蛋白标记的神经元存在，但它们的频率在尾部方向逐渐增加。此外，在非磷酸化神经丝蛋白阳性第二层岛的位置经常遇到点状小白蛋白免疫反应性。这些发现表明，人类内嗅皮层第二层包含不同的神经元亚群，每个亚群的相对密度在细胞结构区域中不同，并且这些亚群的分布模式在某些情况下是相似的，在其他情况下是互补的。人类内嗅皮质第二层组织的这种异质性对于某些神经精神疾病的研究具有重要意义。
Abnormalities in the layer II neurons of human entorhinal cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The reported abnormalities are not homogeneously distributed throughout the entorhinal cortex, suggesting that layer II of entorhinal cortex may contain different subpopulations of neurons, each with a different susceptibility to pathological mechanisms. In order to investigate the possible heterogeneity of neurons in layer II of human entorhinal cortex, we first identified distinct subdivisions of human entorhinal cortex by adapting the cytoarchitectonic criteria for subdivisions of monkey entorhinal cortex described by Amaral et al. (J Comp Neurol 264:326, 1987). The morphology and regional distribution of distinct subpopulations of human layer II neurons were determined through the use of immunohistochemical techniques. Multipolar, stellate, and modified pyramidal neurons in the characteristic cell clusters or islands of layer II were immunoreactive for nonphosphorylated neurofilament proteins. The intensity of immunoreactivity for the nonphosphorylated neurofilament proteins gradually increased along the rostrocaudal axis of entorhinal cortex and was primarily due to a similar gradient in the density of labeled neurons per island. The calcium-binding protein calbindin D-28K was found in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in layers II and superficial III. The distribution of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons also depended upon the region of entorhinal cortex. In rostral entorhinal cortex, labeled neurons were scattered throughout the superficial layers, whereas in caudal entorhinal cortex, distinctive patches of small calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were found among the layer II islands, Another calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin, was present in nonpyramidal neurons in layers II and III that were distinct from those containing calbindin. The regional distribution of parvalbumin-positive neurons was very similar to that of the neurofilament immunoreactive neurons; in rostral entorhinal cortex very few parvalbumin-labeled neurons were present but their frequency gradually increased in the caudal direction. In addition, punctate parvalbumin immunoreactivity was frequently encountered in the location of the nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein-positive layer II islands. These findings demonstrate that layer II of human entorhinal cortex contains distinct subpopulations of neurons, that the relative density of each subpopulation differs across cytoarchitectonic regions, and that the patterns of distribution of these subpopulations are in some cases similar and in other cases complementary. This heterogeneity in the organization of layer II of human entorhinal cortex has important implications for the study of some neuropsychiatric disorders.