Dyspnea and emotion: what can we learn from functional brain imaging?
Dyspnea and emotion: what can we learn from functional brain imaging?
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呼吸困难和情绪：我们可以从功能性脑成像中学到什么？
DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200802-298ed
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
C. Peiffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Peiffer
人们普遍认为情绪在呼吸困难的主观体验中起着至关重要的作用。然而，情绪在呼吸困难的中枢处理中的参与既复杂又多样 (1)。情绪可能单独引起呼吸困难，但通常与物理刺激一起引起，并且可能干扰呼吸困难处理的几乎所有不同阶段，从最初的粗略感官知觉到最终复杂的主观体验。根据临床观察以及呼吸困难和疼痛之间的惊人相似性，有人推测呼吸困难可能至少包含两个不同但相互作用的维度（即感觉和情感/认知），正如疼痛所证明的那样 (2, 3)。正如经过验证的疼痛感知模型（3）所表明的那样，呼吸困难的情感维度可能还包括直接的情绪反应（即与呼吸困难相关的不愉快，可能与自主反应有关）和对呼吸困难的次要的、更复杂的情感反应（对应于呼吸困难的痛苦），涉及更高阶的认知功能，例如评估、记忆和心理表征，其中 随后导致变化
It is commonly accepted that emotion plays an essential role in the subjective experience of dyspnea. However, the involvement of emotion in the central processing of dyspnea is both complex and manifold (1). Emotion may induce dyspnea, either alone but generally together with physical stimuli, and may interfere with virtually all of the different stages of dyspnea processing from initial crude sensory perception to the final complex subjective experience. On the basis of clinical observations, as well as on the striking similarities between dyspnea and pain, it has been hypothesized that dyspnea might encompass at least two distinct, albeit interacting, dimensions (ie, sensory and affective/cognitive), as has been demonstrated for pain (2, 3). As suggested by a validated model of pain perception (3), the affective dimension of dyspnea presumably further includes an immediate emotional reaction (ie, dyspnearelated unpleasantness, possibly associated with an autonomic response) and a secondary, more sophisticated affective reaction to dyspnea (corresponding to dyspnea suffering) involving higher order cognitive functions, such as evaluation, memory, and mental representation, which subsequently leads to changes