Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China
Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
B. Zheng;Qiang Zhang;Yang Zhang;K. He;Kai Wang;G. Zheng;F. Duan;Yong-liang Ma;T. Kimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Zheng;Qiang Zhang;Yang Zhang;K. He;Kai Wang;G. Zheng;F. Duan;Yong-liang Ma;T. Kimoto
抽象的。2013年1月，中国东部和中部地区发生了严重的区域性雾霾污染事件，对环境和公众健康产生了不利影响。空气动力学直径为2.5 μm或更小的颗粒物（PM2.5）含量极高，主要成分为硫酸盐和硝酸盐，是造成雾霾污染的原因。尽管非均相化学在灰霾过程中硫酸盐和硝酸盐的生成中起着重要作用，但由于大多数气候和化学输送模式缺乏对非均相反应的处理，因此很少有研究利用三维模式全面评价非均相化学对中国灰霾形成的影响。在这项工作中，WRF-CMAQ模式与新增加的非均相反应被应用到东亚地区，以评估非均相化学和2013年1月的气象异常对区域灰霾形成的影响。由于对不同类型颗粒的非均相反应的参数化尚未建立，我们任意选择了尘埃颗粒反应的吸收系数，然后进行了几次灵敏度测试，以找到最符合观测结果的值。修正后的CMAQ不仅捕捉到了硫酸盐和硝酸盐的数量级和时间变化，而且还再现了从清洁到污染的雾霾天硫酸盐和硝酸盐对PM2. 5质量的相对贡献的增强。这些结果表明非均相化学在区域霾形成中的重要作用，并提高了对2013年1月霾形成机制的理解。
Abstract. Severe regional haze pollution events occurred in eastern and central China in January 2013, which had adverse effects on the environment and public health. Extremely high levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) with dominant components of sulfate and nitrate are responsible for the haze pollution. Although heterogeneous chemistry is thought to play an important role in the production of sulfate and nitrate during haze episodes, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effect of heterogeneous chemistry on haze formation in China by using the 3-D models due to of a lack of treatments for heterogeneous reactions in most climate and chemical transport models. In this work, the WRF-CMAQ model with newly added heterogeneous reactions is applied to East Asia to evaluate the impacts of heterogeneous chemistry and the meteorological anomaly during January 2013 on regional haze formation. As the parameterization of heterogeneous reactions on different types of particles is not well established yet, we arbitrarily selected the uptake coefficients from reactions on dust particles and then conducted several sensitivity runs to find the value that can best match observations. The revised CMAQ with heterogeneous chemistry not only captures the magnitude and temporal variation of sulfate and nitrate, but also reproduces the enhancement of relative contribution of sulfate and nitrate to PM2.5 mass from clean days to polluted haze days. These results indicate the significant role of heterogeneous chemistry in regional haze formation and improve the understanding of the haze formation mechanisms during the January 2013 episode.