4D Electron Microscopy: Imaging in Space and Time
4D Electron Microscopy: Imaging in Space and Time
复制标题
DOI：
10.1142/p641
复制
发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Zewail;John Meurig Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Zewail;John Meurig Thomas
现代电子显微镜，由于最近的革命性发展和许多进化的结果，现在产生了丰富的定量知识有关的结构，动力学，和功能几乎没有匹配的任何其他单一的科学仪器。它还准备贡献许多新的空间分辨和时间分辨的见解，在探索凝聚态物质的大多数方面具有重要意义，从物理到生物科学。在所有传统的EM方法中，成像、衍射和化学分析都是以静态时间积分的方式进行的，而现在已经可以将时域与空间域相结合，从而创建四维（4D）电子显微镜。这一进展是基于定时，相干单电子包，或电子脉冲，这是飞秒持续时间解放的基本概念。结构相变，机械变形，以及熔化和结晶的胚胎阶段是现在可以以前所未有的结构细节成像的现象的例子，具有高空间分辨率，并且与迄今为止一样快10个数量级。现有的专著中没有一本试图涵盖EM在其各种运作模式中所可能实现的革命性维度。这本书的作者图表这些发展，也比较了相干电子波与同步辐射的优点。他们认为，回忆成像和衍射的一些重要的基本程序和理论方面是谨慎的，以便读者可以更好地理解新的前景和应用的意义。这本书不是一个vade mecum -许多其他文本可供实践者为此目的。相反，它深入揭示了范式概念和开发的技术，现在可以执行这些技术，以获得整个生物和物理科学领域以及空间和时间的四维的新知识。
The modern electron microscope, as a result of recent revolutionary developments and many evolutionary ones, now yields a wealth of quantitative knowledge pertaining to structure, dynamics, and function barely matched by any other single scientific instrument. It is also poised to contribute much new spatially-resolved and time-resolved insights of central importance in the exploration of most aspects of condensed matter, ranging from the physical to the biological sciences. Whereas in all conventional EM methods, imaging, diffraction, and chemical analyses have been conducted in a static - time-integrated - manner, now it has become possible to unite the time domain with the spatial one, thereby creating four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy. This advance is based on the fundamental concept of timed, coherent single-electron packets, or electron pulses, which are liberated with femtosecond durations. Structural phase transitions, mechanical deformations, and the embryonic stages of melting and crystallization are examples of phenomena that can now be imaged in unprecedented structural detail with high spatial resolution, and ten orders of magnitude as fast as hitherto. No monograph in existence attempts to cover the revolutionary dimensions that EM in its various modes of operation nowadays makes possible. The authors of this book chart these developments, and also compare the merits of coherent electron waves with those of synchrotron radiation. They judge it prudent to recall some important basic procedural and theoretical aspects of imaging and diffraction so that the reader may better comprehend the significance of the new vistas and applications now afoot. This book is not a vade mecum - numerous other texts are available for the practitioner for that purpose. It is instead an in-depth expose of the paradigm concepts and the developed techniques that can now be executed to gain new knowledge in the entire domain of biological and physical science, and in the four dimensions of space and time.