Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and the Challenges to Its Extension to Nonlegumes.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and the Challenges to Its Extension to Nonlegumes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/aem.01055-16
复制
发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Peters JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mus F;Crook MB;Garcia K;Garcia Costas A;Geddes BA;Kouri ED;Paramasivan P;Ryu MH;Oldroyd GED;Poole PS;Udvardi MK;Voigt CA;Ané JM;Peters JW
获得固定或可用形式的氮限制了农作物的生产力，从而限制了粮食生产。目前，氮肥生产对于发达国家各种作物的有效生长来说是一笔巨大的开支。减少发达国家和发展中国家农业对氮肥的依赖可以带来巨大的潜在收益，人们对生物固氮的研究以及提高其在农业环境中的重要性的前景产生了浓厚的兴趣。生物固氮是将大气中的 N2 转化为 NH3（一种可供植物利用的形式）。然而，该过程仅限于细菌和古细菌，在真核生物中不会发生。共生固氮是互利关系的一部分，其中植物为细菌提供生态位和固定碳以换取固定氮。这一过程主要限于农业系统中的豆类植物，人们对探索是否可以在生产人类大部分食物的非豆类植物中发展类似的共生关系非常感兴趣。我们正处于一个关键时刻，对生物固氮的基本理解已经成熟到我们可以考虑使用合成生物学方法构建共生关系的水平。这篇小综述强调了我们在通过合成生物学将共生固氮扩展到更多样化的作物植物的蓝图背景下对生物固氮的理解的根本进展。
Access to fixed or available forms of nitrogen limits the productivity of crop plants and thus food production. Nitrogenous fertilizer production currently represents a significant expense for the efficient growth of various crops in the developed world. There are significant potential gains to be had from reducing dependence on nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture in the developed world and in developing countries, and there is significant interest in research on biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for increasing its importance in an agricultural setting. Biological nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3, a form that can be used by plants. However, the process is restricted to bacteria and archaea and does not occur in eukaryotes. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is part of a mutualistic relationship in which plants provide a niche and fixed carbon to bacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. This process is restricted mainly to legumes in agricultural systems, and there is considerable interest in exploring whether similar symbioses can be developed in nonlegumes, which produce the bulk of human food. We are at a juncture at which the fundamental understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has matured to a level that we can think about engineering symbiotic relationships using synthetic biology approaches. This minireview highlights the fundamental advances in our understanding of biological nitrogen fixation in the context of a blueprint for expanding symbiotic nitrogen fixation to a greater diversity of crop plants through synthetic biology.