The implications and limitations of genetic models of alcoholism and other addictions.
The implications and limitations of genetic models of alcoholism and other addictions.
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酗酒和其他成瘾遗传模型的影响和局限性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Peele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Peele
公众对酒精中毒的遗传来源的那种明确的模型，并在流行的宣传材料中呈现，并不能准确地反映这一领域的知识状况。目前还没有提出有说服力的遗传机制来解释有关酗酒行为、酗酒比率的社会差异或疾病发展的累积数据。关于酗酒者后代的生物学发现一直不一致，有理由挑战过去十年来公认的酒精中毒遗传易感性增强的概念。在基因模型中伪造数据和理论的真正尝试仅限于男性、酗酒者和少数具有其他特殊特征的严重酗酒者。然而，一些研究人员对一种特殊类型的遗传性酗酒只影响这些群体的想法提出了异议。即使对于这些人群，平衡的遗传模型也为环境、社会和个人因素(包括个人价值观和意图)的实质性影响留下了空间，因此只能在复杂的多变量框架内预测过度饮酒。在某些方面对这种复杂性的否认掩盖了通过以基因为导向的研究所发现的东西，并对预防和治疗政策产生了危险的后果。
The kind of clear-cut model of the genetic sources of alcoholism perceived by the public and presented in popular tracts does not accurately reflect the state of knowledge in this area. No persuasive genetic mechanism has been proposed to account for accumulated data about alcoholic behavior, social differences in alcoholism rates or the unfolding of the disease. Biological findings about the offspring of alcoholics have been inconsistent and grounds exist to challenge the notion of an enhanced genetic liability for alcoholism that has been accepted wisdom for the last decade. Genuine attempts to forge data and theory into genetic models have been limited to men alcoholics and to a minority of severely afflicted alcoholics with other special characteristics. However, several investigators dispute the idea of a special type of inherited alcoholism affecting only such groups. Even for these populations, balanced genetic models leave room for the substantial impact of environmental, social and individual factors (including personal values and intentions) so that drinking to excess can only be predicted within a complex, multivariate framework. The denial of this complexity in some quarters obscures what has been discovered through genetically oriented research and has dangerous consequences for prevention and treatment policies.