COVID-19 vaccines a global public good? Moving past the rhetoric and making work of sharing intellectual property rights, know-how and technology.
COVID-19 vaccines a global public good? Moving past the rhetoric and making work of sharing intellectual property rights, know-how and technology.
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DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/ckab144
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发表时间：
2021-10-26
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Weggen E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meijer M;Verschuuren M;Weggen E
当前全球对 COVID-19 大流行的应对措施不足以遏制这一流行病；世界正处于第三波疫情之中，新的病毒毒株不断出现。疫苗对于克服这场危机至关重要，但其供应稀缺，而且全球分配不足且不平等。当一些国家等待第一批疫苗时，其他国家则为可能的第三剂疫苗做好准备。尽管疫苗很快被称为“全球公共产品”，但实际上收效甚微，低收入国家依赖于不完善的捐赠系统。改变这一趋势的关键是确保更好的全球准入，为此必须提供更多疫苗。为此，必须共享知识产权、专有技术和技术，以最大限度地提高疫苗产量。有效的全球疫苗推广需要大规模生产、负担得起的价格、全球分配和广泛部署。如今，所有这些相互交织的维度都受到了损害。高收入和中高收入国家购买了大量疫苗，使他们能够为其人口接种多达五次疫苗。 2 其中一些疫苗很快就会过期，而且没有给任何人带来好处。与此同时，高收入国家放弃了资金不足的联合采购计划“COVID-19 全球疫苗获取机制”(COVAX)，该计划旨在为全球提供平等的疫苗获取机会。迄今为止，COVAX 仅运送了 2.08 亿剂疫苗，因此仍无法实现 2021 年底前在全球范围内注射 20 亿剂疫苗的初始目标。 3 在大流行中，除非所有人都安全，否则没有人是安全的。然而，考虑到目前疫苗在全球的传播，这一基本概念似乎被忽视了。因此，病毒的持续变异对每个人都构成风险，凸显了快速、公平地在全球推出疫苗的紧迫性。然而，按照目前的速度，要到 2023 年才能实现 70% 的世界人口接种疫苗（根据全球保护的要求）。4 要提前这一日期，公平的疫苗分配是先决条件。为了实现这一目标，必须更好地利用现有生产能力。
The current global response to the COVID-19 pandemic is insuf-ficient in curbing the pandemic; the world is in the midst of a third wave and new strains of the virus are constantly developing. Vaccines are vital to overcome this crisis, but their supply is scarce and the worldwide distribution both inadequate and unequal. Whilst some countries await first vaccine batches, others warm up for potential third doses. In spite of the fact that vaccines were soon crowned ‘global public goods’, 1 little came of it in reality, and lowincome countries are dependent on inadequate donation-based systems. Key in changing the tide is to ensure better global access, for which more vaccines must become available. To this end, Intellectual property (IP) rights, know-how and technology must be shared to maximize vaccine production.An effective global vaccine roll-out requires at scale production, affordable pricing, global allocation and wide deployment. Today, all these intertwined dimensions are compromised. High-and upper-middle-income countries purchased abundant quantities, enabling them to vaccinate their population up to five times. 2 Some of those vaccines expire soon, without having been to anyone’s benefit. Simultaneously, high-income countries leave the pooled procurement initiative COVID-19 Global Vaccine Access Facility (COVAX), which aims to provide global and equal access to vaccines, underfunded. COVAX only shipped 208 million doses so far, and thus remains off track in reaching the initial target of administering 2 billion doses worldwide before 2021 ends. 3 In a pandemic, nobody is safe until everyone is safe. However, considering the present global dissemination of vaccines, this basic notion seems to be neglected. Consequently, the continuous mutation of the virus poses a risk for everyone, underlining the urgency for a fast and equitable global vaccine roll-out. However, at the current rate, vaccinating 70% of the world population (as required for global protection) would only be achieved by 2023. 4 To bring this date forward, equitable vaccine distribution is a prerequisite. To achieve this, better exploitation of existing production capacities is a necessity.