Freshwater as shared between society and ecosystems: from divided approaches to integrated challenges
Freshwater as shared between society and ecosystems: from divided approaches to integrated challenges
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2003.1386
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发表时间：
2003-12-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Falkenmark, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falkenmark, M
这篇论文的重点是水在生态系统动态背后的关键作用，以及基于流域的生态系统方法中涉及的与水有关的平衡。目前正在制定一个概念框架，以解决人类与生态系统之间的根本权衡问题。这是通过关注社会不可避免的景观变化及其由水过程介导的不可避免的生态影响来实现的。由于社会和环境进程的共同进化表明的是共鸣，而不是因果关系，人类将不得不学会在确保生态系统弹性的同时适应变化。鉴于千年目标的社会必要性与其环境可持续性目标部分不相容，必须协调人类活动和生态系统，使之相容。为此，必须采取集水为基础的办法，将水、土地利用和生态系统结合起来。有人建议，必须在两个尺度上考虑生态系统保护：因其社会价值而要保护的特定地点的生物景观组成部分，以及确保社会和经济发展所依赖的关键生态系统货物和服务的可持续供应的基于流域的生态系统办法。
The paper has its focus on water's key functions behind ecosystem dynamics and the water-related balancing involved in a catchment-based ecosystem approach. A conceptual framework is being developed to address fundamental trade-offs between humans and ecosystems. This is done by paying attention to society's unavoidable landscape modifications and their unavoidable ecological effects mediated by water processes. Because the coevolution of societal and environmental processes indicates resonance rather than a cause-effect relationship, humanity will have to learn to live with change while securing ecosystem resilience. In view of the partial incompatibility of the social imperative of the millennium goals and its environmental sustainability goal, human activities and ecosystems have to be orchestrated for compatibility. To this end a catchment-based approach has to be taken by integrating water, land use and ecosystems. It is being suggested that ecosystem protection has to be thought of in two scales: site-specific biotic landscape components to be protected for their social value, and a catchment-based ecosystem approach to secure sustainable supply of crucial ecosystem goods and services on which social and economic development depends.