Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world
Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world
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DOI：
10.1080/09692290.2012.756414
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发表时间：
2014-01-02
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Gereffi, Gary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gereffi, Gary
当代全球化的特点是全球产业的组织和管理发生了重大变化。在1970年代和1980年代，这种转变的一个特点是出现了买方驱动和生产者驱动的商品链。在2000年代初，引入了一种差异更大的治理结构类型，侧重于全球价值链中的新型协调。今天，全球经济的组织正在进入另一个阶段，转型正在重塑全球价值链和全球资本主义在各个层面的治理结构：（1）华盛顿共识的终结和相互竞争的经济和政治权力中心的崛起;（2）全球供应基地的地理整合和价值链集中，在某些情况下，议价能力正在从全球价值链中的龙头企业向发展中经济体的大型供应商转移;（3）价值链参与者之间战略协调的新模式;（4）2008-09年的经济危机加速了许多全球价值链终端市场的转变，全球价值链方法在主要国际捐助机构中的传播，促使重新制定既定的发展模式。
Contemporary globalization has been marked by significant shifts in the organization and governance of global industries. In the 1970s and 1980s, one such shift was characterized by the emergence of buyer-driven and producer-driven commodity chains. In the early 2000s, a more differentiated typology of governance structures was introduced, which focused on new types of coordination in global value chains (GVCs). Today the organization of the global economy is entering another phase, with transformations that are reshaping the governance structures of both GVCs and global capitalism at various levels: (1) the end of the Washington Consensus and the rise of contending centers of economic and political power; (2) a combination of geographic consolidation and value chain concentration in the global supply base, which, in some cases, is shifting bargaining power from lead firms in GVCs to large suppliers in developing economies; (3) new patterns of strategic coordination among value chain actors; (4) a shift in the end markets of many GVCs accelerated by the economic crisis of 2008-09, which is redefining regional geographies of investment and trade; and (5) a diffusion of the GVC approach to major international donor agencies, which is prompting a reformulation of established development paradigms.