Effect of sugar on male Anopheles gambiae mating performance, as modified by temperature, space, and body size
Effect of sugar on male Anopheles gambiae mating performance, as modified by temperature, space, and body size
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1756-3305-2-19
复制
发表时间：
2009-04-22
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Foster, Woodbridge A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gary, Richard E., Jr.;Cannon, James W., III;Foster, Woodbridge A.
背景：冈比亚按蚊以植物糖为食被认为是罕见的，并且是生理上的选择。与成年雌性不同，雄性没有替代的能量来源，很快就会死亡，只有水，但它们可能有能力在短暂的生命周期内使所有雌性受精。本研究旨在检测糖对雄性性能的影响，如果有的话。方法：在两种体型和两种温度（23和27 ℃）下，对含和不含20%蔗糖的雄性进行评估。每天记录两次存活率，并在成虫羽化后每晚记录性行为。人工授精2：1只雄性：在三种大小的笼子中检查雌性比例，包括步入式围隔生态系统。结果：在没有糖的情况下，两种大小的雄性在23 ℃下比27 ℃下活得更长，并且大的雄性在每个温度下活得更长。大型雄虫在低温下平均存活3.7天，小型雄虫在高温下平均存活1.9天。与糖，男性在所有四个治疗遭受最小的死亡率。在小笼子里，加糖后，27 ℃时大的雄性成熟得最快。一些直立的纤丝和受精的女性在第1夜。在第二天晚上，最大比例的竖起纤丝和蜂拥而至，超过三分之一的女性成为授精。在23 ℃时，小的糖喂养的雄性成熟得最慢，但在第三天晚上已经达到了几乎最大的群集水平。到第5天晚上，小雄性已经使一半以上的雌性受精，而大雄性几乎使所有雌性受精。在没有糖的情况下，大雄性在头两个晚上的进展类似。然而，在第3夜，在27 ℃时，直立纤丝和群集的比例急剧下降，在23 ℃时下降程度较小。累积授精从未达到高水平。即使在23 ℃，小雄性也从未达到高水平的纤维勃起或群集，并且使少数雌性授精。在较大的笼子里，在更半自然的条件下，无论身体大小，没有糖男性授精能力几乎是不存在的。结论：在某些条件下，有限数量的糖剥夺男性可以生存足够长的时间来授精女性。然而，在自然界中，不能频繁获得糖的雄性不会与那些可以获得糖的雄性竞争，这表明雄性的表现与植物群落密切相关。
Background: Anopheles gambiae plant-sugar feeding was thought to be rare and physiologically optional. Unlike adult females, males have no alternative source of energy and soon die with only water, yet they might be competent to inseminate all females within their brief lifespan. This study was designed to detect sugar's effect, if any, on male performance.Methods: Males with and without 20% sucrose were evaluated at two body sizes and two temperatures, 23 and 27 C. Survival was recorded twice daily, and sexual behaviour was recorded each night after adult emergence. Insemination at a 2: 1 male: female ratio was examined in three cage sizes, including walk-in mesocosms.Results: Without sugar, males of both sizes lived longer at 23 than 27 C, and large males lived longer at each temperature. Survival of large males at low temperature averaged 3.7 days, small males at high temperature, 1.9 days. With sugar, males in all four treatments suffered minimal mortality. With sugar, in small cages, large males at 27 C matured most rapidly. A few erected fibrillae and inseminated females on night 1. On night 2, maximal proportions erected fibrillae and swarmed, and over one-third of females became inseminated. Small sugar-fed males at 23 C matured most slowly but had achieved nearly maximal levels of swarming by night 3. By night 5, small males had inseminated more than half the females, and large males had inseminated nearly all of them. Without sugar, large males progressed similarly during the first two nights. On night 3, however, the proportion erecting fibrillae and swarming declined precipitously at 27 C, and to a lesser degree at 23 C. Cumulative insemination never reached high levels. Small males never achieved high levels of fibrillar erection or swarming and inseminated few females, even at 23 C. In larger cages and under more semi-natural conditions, regardless of body size, without sugar male insemination capacity was virtually nonexistent.Conclusion: Under some conditions, a limited number of sugar-deprived males can survive long enough to inseminate females. However, in nature males that cannot obtain sugar at frequent intervals will not be competitive with those that can, suggesting that male performance is closely tied to plant communities.