Transmutation effects observed with heavy hydrogen
Transmutation effects observed with heavy hydrogen
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DOI：
10.1098/rspa.1934.0077
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发表时间：
1934-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rutherford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliphant, MLE;Harteck, P;Rutherford
在我们的论文《质子对元素的转化》中，我们指出，利用相对较低的电压（大约10万伏），通过产生一束强窄质子束，落在约1平方厘米的小面积靶上，可以方便地研究质子对某些轻元素的转化。厘米根据过去一年的经验，该设施已在几个细节上进行了修改，并进行了全面重建。通过增加另一个串联的10万伏Transformer和使用适当的电容器，D。C.可用电压已从20万伏提高到40万伏。然而，主要的变化在于使用水平而不是垂直放电管。代替玻璃的是能够承受高电压的波纹陶瓷壁套管，用于使正极绝缘，而形成负极的波纹金属外壳穿过砖墙。内部电极的布置通常类似于在较早的装置中使用的布置。油冷却循环已得到改善，因为电极现在不能单独通过辐射冷却。如前所述，施加磁场以分选出放电管中产生的各种类型的离子。使用水平管有许多优点，不仅便于在方便的位置组装控制器，而且便于操作计数装置和吸收屏。新的装置工作顺利，令人满意，我们已经能够增加10至50倍，可用于研究的崩解颗粒的数量。厚厚的砖墙充当系统中产生的X射线的完整屏幕。
In our paper “Transmutation of Elements by Protons,”* we showed that the transformation of some of the light elements by protons could be conveniently studied by the use of comparatively low voltages—of the order of 100,000 volts—by generating an intense narrow beam of protons which fell on the target of small area of about 1 sq. cm. In the light of experience of the past year, the installation has been modified in several particulars and entirely reconstructed. By the addition of another 100,000-volt transformer in tandem and the use of appropriate condensers the D. C. voltage available has been raised from 200,000 to 400,000 volts. The main change, however, consists in the use of a horizontal instead of a vertical discharge tube. In place of glass, a corrugated porcelain wall bushing capable of withstanding high voltages has been used to insulate the positive electrode, while the earthed metal casing forming the negative electrode projects through a brick wall. The arrangement of the internal electrodes is, in general, similar to that used in the earlier apparatus. The oil cooling circulation has been improved as the electrodes cannot, now be cooled by radiation alone. As before a magnetic field is applied to sort out the various types of ions generated in the discharge tube. The use of the horizontal tube has many advantages, not only for assembling the controls at convenient points but also in the ease of handling the counting apparatus and absorbing screens. The new installation has worked smoothly and satisfactorily and we have been able to increase the number of disintegration particles available for study by a factor of 10 to 50. The thick brick wall acts as a complete screen for the X-radiation generated in the system.