PREDICTING RECTAL TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO WORK,ENVIRONMENT, AND CLOTHING
PREDICTING RECTAL TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO WORK,ENVIRONMENT, AND CLOTHING
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1972.32.6.812
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
GOLDMAN, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GIVONI, B;GOLDMAN, RF
吉沃尼，B.，和RF戈德曼。预测直肠温度对工作、环境和衣着的反应。J. Appl.Physiol.32（6）：812-822. 1972.-公式，基于生物物理模型，已经开发出预测直肠温度响应的时间模式的工作，环境条件，和服装性能。直肠温度的变化模式似乎需要三个独立的公式，一个是在高温下休息时，另一个是在工作时的上升阶段，第三个是在停止工作后的恢复阶段。这些公式涉及代谢产热、环境气候条件（空气温度、蒸汽压和速度）以及服装的总热阻和蒸发系数。相关公式允许计算以下组成部分：a）代谢产热（以受试者的体重、速度和行走或跑步的等级以及所携带的负荷作为因素）; B）作为环境空气速度和由工作受试者产生的附加空气运动的函数的衣服的总热阻和蒸发系数（即有效风速）; G）与环境的干热交换以及由此类服装系数得出的最大蒸发量。这些公式的预测结果与美国陆军环境医学研究所的几个实验系列以及其他地方的研究结果一致，热应激、环境耐受性、计算机模型直肠温度对代谢率和环境条件变化的反应已经在许多裸体受试者的实验中进行了研究。然而，很少有关于衣服的研究，也很少有人试图开发一个公式来描述决定直肠温度对衣服反应的生物物理过程。没有公式包括在给定的衣服、工作和暴露条件下直肠温度的时间过程的预测。Wissler（18）建议使用计算机模拟体内和外部环境的热流模式，从而预测直肠温度的变化。然而，他的方法仅限于目前形式的裸体主题，其有效性仅在非常狭窄的条件下进行了审查。Givoni和Sohar（8）试图预测直肠温度，但所开发的公式仅限于预测暴露30分钟后的直肠温度水平 * Goldman（IO）提出了一种方法来预测作为体重函数的产热和作为服装函数的热损失;
GIVONI, B., AND RF GOLDMAN. Predicting rectal temperature resfmnse to work, environment, and clothing. J. Appl. Physiol. 32 (6): 812-822. 1972.-Formulas, based on a biophysical model, have been developed which predict the time pattern of rectal tem-perature response to work, environmental conditions, and clothing properties. Three separate formulas appear to be required for the patterns of change in rectal temperature, one during rest in the heat, another for the rising stage during work, and a third for the recovery after cessation of work. The formulas involve the metabolic heat production, ambient climatic conditions(air temperature, vapor pressure, and velocity), and the total thermal resistance and evaporative coefficient of the clothing. Related formulas permit computation of the following components: a) metabolic heat production(with subject weight, speed, and grade of walking or running and load carried as factors); b) total thermal resistance and evaporative coefficient for clothing as functions of the ambient air velocity and the additional air motion produced by the working subject (ie, effective air speed); G) dry heat ex-change with the environment and maximum evaporative capacity derived from such clothing coefficients. Good agreement has been found between the prediction of these formulas and several experimental series at the US Army Research Institute of En-vironmental Medicine, as well as with studies elsewhere, heat stress; environmental tolerance; computer modelsTHE RESPONSE OF RECTAL temperature to changes in metabolic rate and environmental conditions has been studied in numerous experiments with unclothed subjects. There have been few studies with clothing however, and very few attempts to develop a formula which will describe the biophysical processes which determine the rectal tewnperature response with clothing. No formulation has included prediction of the time course of rectal temperature under given conditions of clothing, work, and exposure. Wissler (18) has suggested the use of a computer to simulate patterns of heat flow within the body and to the external environment, and thus predict variations of rectal temperature. His approach, however, is restricted in its present form to nude subjects and its validity has only been examined under an extremely narrow range of condirions. Givoni and Sohar (8) attempted to predict rectal temperature but the formula developed was limited to the prediction of its level after 30 min of exposure* Goldman(IO) has presented an approach to predicting heat production as a function of weight and heat loss as a function of clothing;