Effects of Shading Stress on Grain Number Yield, and Photosynthesis during Early Reproductive Growth in Wheat
Effects of Shading Stress on Grain Number Yield, and Photosynthesis during Early Reproductive Growth in Wheat
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2018.06.0396
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Liu, Mengyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Baodi;Yang, Hong;Liu, Mengyu
气候变化导致遮荫并威胁小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 产量。了解遮荫对幼小孢子（YM）阶段冬小麦籽粒数量和形态特征的影响可能会确保籽粒产量。对华北平原 (NCP) 的 6 个广泛种植的冬小麦品种进行了田间和盆栽试验，在 YM 阶段对不同遮荫时间（0、1、2、3、4、5 和 6 d）进行 98% 的自然光遮挡。结果表明，YM阶段对遮荫胁迫高度敏感，遮荫胁迫显着减少籽粒数，造成籽粒产量损失。此外，不同品种对遮荫的反应也不同。敏感品种，如科农9204和凉兴99，随着遮荫时间的增加，2016年单株籽粒产量下降了32.2%至74.9%和25.7%至91.4%，2017年单株产量下降了23.0%至89.2%和21.9%至94.3%。随着遮荫时间的增加，谷物产量的减少与籽粒数、粒重、株高以及主茎和分蘖干物质重量的减少有关。随着遮荫时间的延长，耐性品种济麦32和合农825的单株产量在2016年下降了8.2%至17.3%和11.3%至14.2%，在2017年下降了9.7%至23.7%和6.5%至18.5%。耐荫品种通过快速分蘖发育和光合作用恢复增强了对遮荫的适应能力，诱导高产分蘖增加单蘖粒数，从而使粮食产量下降幅度较小。因此，选择耐荫品种可能有助于保证华北雾霾地区冬小麦的高产。
Climate change causes shading and threatens wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Understanding the effects of shading on grain number and morphological characteristics of winter wheat during the young microspore (YM) stage may secure grain yield. Field and pot experiments were performed with six widely planted winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain (NCP), subjected to 98% blocking of natural light for different shading durations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d) during the YM stage. Results showed that the YM stage was highly sensitive to shading stress, which significantly reduced grain number, causing grain yield loss. Moreover, response to shading varied among cultivars. Sensitive cultivars, such as Kenong9204 and Liangxing99, showed decreases in grain yield per plant of 32.2 to 74.9% and 25.7 to 91.4% in 2016 and 23.0 to 89.2% and 21.9 to 94.3% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Reduction in grain yield with increasing shading duration was associated with decreasing grain number, grain weight, plant height, and dry matter weight of main stems and tillers. Tolerant cultivars Jimai32 and Henong825 experienced decreases in grain yield per plant of 8.2 to 17.3% and 11.3 to 14.2% in 2016 and 9.7 to 23.7% and 6.5 to 18.5% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Adaptation of tolerant cultivars to shading was enhanced by rapid tiller development and photosynthesis recovery, inducing productive tillers to increase grain number per tiller, thus resulting in a smaller reduction in grain yield. Therefore, selecting shade-tolerant cultivars may help to ensure high yield in winter wheat in fog-haze areas of the NCP.