Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.
Anatomical Characterization of Flower-bud Blasting and Suppression Following Hormone Application in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.
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DOI：
10.2503/jjshs1.81.101
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kyoko Kawakatsu;A. Ushio;N. Fukuta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kyoko Kawakatsu;A. Ushio;N. Fukuta
花蕾爆破是洋桔梗生产的一个制约因素，因此需要一种预防策略。在低光强和高施肥条件下，花芽爆裂发生。为了深入了解花蕾爆破的机制，我们进行了详细的表征正常和爆破诱导条件下的花发育。我们发现，低光强下的花芽在雄蕊和雌蕊分化期停止生长，但萼片和花瓣正常启动。败育花很少有正常胚珠。此外，还观察到一个扩展的顶端分生组织。这些结果表明，生殖器官的分化和发育受到严重抑制的爆炸诱导条件下，然而，300 ppm的苄氨基嘌呤和200 ppm赤霉酸-3的组合应用于花芽导致约5倍的开花频率相比，控制。开花抑制也是由于切除花序分支造成的，这表明花芽中同化物的减少可能是由于花芽爆破。此外，激素的应用与切除相结合，防止花芽爆破有累加效应，这表明这些处理独立抑制花芽爆破。这些结果表明，洋桔梗花芽爆裂是雄蕊和雌蕊分化期前后花发育的一个中断，是激素合成和同化物减少等因素综合作用的结果。
Flower-bud blasting is a constraint for producing Eustoma grandiflorum so a preventative strategy is needed. Flower-bud blasting occurs under low light intensity and high fertilizer input. To gain insight into the mechanisms of flower-bud blasting, we conducted a detailed characterization of flower development under normal and blast-inducing conditions. We found that floral buds under low light intensity ceased to grow at the stamen and gynoecium differentiation stages, although sepals and petals were initiated normally. Aborted flowers rarely had normal ovules. Moreover, an expanded apical meristem was observed. These results show that the differentiation and development of reproductive organs are critically suppressed by blast-inducing conditions; however, combined application of 300 ppm benzylaminopurine and 200 ppm gibberellic acid-3 to floral buds resulted in about five-fold greater frequency of flower opening compared to controls. Blasting inhibition also resulted from excising the inflorescent branch, suggesting the decrease in assimilates in flower buds would be attributed to flower-bud blasting. Moreover, hormone application combined with excision had an additive effect for preventing flower-bud blasting, suggesting that these treatments independently inhibit flower-bud blasting. These results suggest that flower-bud blasting in Eustoma is a break in floral development around the stamen and gynoecium initiation stages and is integrally induced by the factors related to hormone biosynthesis and the decrease in assimilates.