Reduced water quality associated with higher stocking density disturbs the intestinal barrier functions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Reduced water quality associated with higher stocking density disturbs the intestinal barrier functions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
复制标题
与较高放养密度相关的水质下降会扰乱大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar L.）的肠道屏障功能
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734356
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
K. Sundell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Sundh;F. Finne;T. Ellis;G. Taranger;L. Niklasson;E. Pettersen;H. Wergeland;K. Sundell
在水产养殖中，鱼类的放养密度非常重要，因为它可能对水质产生深远的影响，从而影响鱼类健康，并可能影响抵御病原体的外部屏障。许多饲养条件，包括放养密度，可能影响主要的保护屏障，即皮肤，肠道和鳃，以抵御入侵的病原体和其他有害物质。众所周知，鱼类密度增加会导致溶解氧（DO）水平下降，并影响其他水质参数，如二氧化碳，pH值和氨。目前尚不清楚饲养环境的这种变化是否会影响大西洋鲑鱼的肠道初级屏障。将大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼后的群体在以10、30、50和70 kg m−3的放养密度以恒定流量供应海水的水箱中保持57天;降低的水质与较高的放养密度相关。血浆皮质醇和水皮质醇释放率的重复采样表明，最高的放养密度引起的主要压力反应的鱼，随着时间的推移而下降。通过测量细胞旁通透性，即跨上皮电阻（TER）和14 C-甘露醇扩散速率，结合热灭活杀鲑气单胞菌的易位速率，评估肠的物理屏障。随着密度的增加，物理肠屏障降低，无论是作为跨上皮电阻降低和14 C-甘露醇的细胞旁渗透性升高测量。由于这是在血浆皮质醇或皮质醇释放速率没有差异的时间点观察到的，这表明肠道细胞旁通透性可以是鲑鱼慢性应激的有用标志。检测肠道免疫系统的状态，包括中性粒细胞浸润程度，促炎细胞因子γ干扰素（IFNγ）、白细胞介素（IL）1β和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF α），抗炎细胞因子IL-10和转化生长因子β（TGFβ）等免疫相关基因的mRNA表达，IL-8和转录因子核因子κB（IκB）的抑制剂。在最高饲养密度下，肠道免疫系统受到影响，如观察到的IFNγ表达降低，同时中性粒细胞浸润增加。总之，高放养密度与水质下降是长期紧张的鱼，因为它elerans一个主要的压力反应，以及削弱物理和干扰免疫的主要屏障。
The stocking density of fish in aquaculture is of major importance as it may have profound effects on water quality resulting in impact on fish health and possibly affect the external barriers that protect against pathogens There are many husbandry conditions, including stocking density, that may affect the primary protective barriers,i.e.the skin, intestine and gills, against invading pathogens and other harmful substances. It is well known that increased fish density will lead to decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and affect other water quality parameters such as carbon dioxide, pH and ammonia. It is not known if such changes in the rearing environment affect the intestinal primary barriers of Atlantic salmon. Groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts were kept for 57 days in tanks supplied with seawater at a constant flow at stocking densities of 10, 30, 50 and 70 kg m−3; reduced water quality was associated with higher stocking density. Repeated sampling for plasma cortisol and water cortisol release rate indicate that the highest stocking density elicited a primary stress response in the fish, which decreased with time. The physical intestinal barrier was assessed using paracellular permeability measurements, i.e.transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and diffusion rate of14C-mannitol, in combination with the translocation rate of heat-inactivatedAeromonas salmonicida. The physical intestinal barrier decreased with increasing density, both when measured as decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and as elevated paracellular permeability for14C-mannitol. As this was observed at a time point when no differences could be seen in plasma cortisol or cortisol release rate, it suggests that intestinal paracellular permeability can be a useful marker for chronic stress in salmon. The status of the intestinal immune system was assessed as degree of neutrophil infiltration as well as the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and other immune related-genes, IL-8 and the inhibitor of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (IκB). The intestinal immune system was affected at the highest stocking density as observed by a decreased expression of IFNγ in parallel with higher infiltration of neutrophils. In conclusion, high stocking density associated with reduced water quality is chronically stressful to the fish as it elicits a primary stress response as well as a weakened physical and disturbed immunological primary barrier.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Komatsu, Koichiro;Tsutsui, Shigeyuki;Watanabe, Tasuku
通讯作者：
Watanabe, Tasuku