Ancient DNA of Emperor CAO Cao’s granduncle matches those of his present descendants: a commentary on present Y chromosomes reveal the ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao of 1800 years ago
Ancient DNA of Emperor CAO Cao’s granduncle matches those of his present descendants: a commentary on present Y chromosomes reveal the ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao of 1800 years ago
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DOI：
10.1038/jhg.2013.5
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Chuan-Chao Wang;Shi Yan;Can Yao;Xiu-Yuan Huang;Xue Ao;Zhanfeng Wang;Sheng Han;Li Jin;Hui Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chuan-Chao Wang;Shi Yan;Can Yao;Xiu-Yuan Huang;Xue Ao;Zhanfeng Wang;Sheng Han;Li Jin;Hui Li
在《人类遗传学杂志》第57卷第3期1中，我们报道了曹操皇帝后代的Y染色体单倍群（O2*-M268）与曹参侯爵后代的Y染色体单倍群（O3-002611）不同。因此，在近1800年的时间里一直受到质疑的曹操的贵族血统来自曹参的说法，是没有遗传学证据支持的。然而，曹操皇帝的真实的身世至今仍是个谜。曹操的养父曹腾是个太监。历史文献认为，曹操的父亲应该是从曹腾本族收养的，而反对曹操的人则认为曹操的父亲是从乞丐那里收养的。在这里，从元宝坑一号墓出土的一颗牙齿中提取的古代DNA为这个谜团提供了线索。元宝坑一号墓是位于安徽省亳州（汉代谯州）的曹氏墓葬。曹操是亳州人，发迹于亳州。他的亲属大多葬在亳州。YBK I被认为是曹操的叔公曹鼎的坟墓。3我们从亳州博物馆得到了一颗曹鼎的牙齿。按照我们以前出版物中描述的方法从这颗牙齿中提取DNA。4.我们的古DNA实验操作严格遵循古DNA研究的所有标准。5使用Y-Filer试剂盒（Applied Biosystems，卡尔斯巴德，CA，USA）成功分型12个Y-STR。12个Y-STR值如下：DYS 19：15、DYS 389 I：13、DYS 389 II：30、DYS 390：23、DYS 391：10、DYS 393：14、DYS 437：14、DYS 456：16、DYS 458：16、DYS 635：21和DYS 385 a/B：
In the 3rd issue, 57th volume of the Journal of Human Genetics, 1 we reported that the Y chromosomal haplogroup of the descendants of Emperor CAO Cao (O2*-M268) is different from that of the Marquis CAO Can (O3-002611). Therefore, CAO Cao’s claim of aristocratic ancestry from CAO Can, which has been doubted for almost 1800 years, is not supported by genetic evidence. However, the real ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao remains mysterious. Emperor CAO’s foster grandfather, CAO Teng, was a eunuch. Historical documents suggest that Emperor CAO’s father should have been adopted from CAO Teng’s own clan, 2 while the Emperor’s opponents alleged that Emperor CAO’s father was adopted from beggardom. Here, ancient DNA extracted from a tooth excavated from Yuanbaokeng (YBK) Tomb I gives a clue to this mystery.YBK I is a tomb of CAO clan located in Bozhou (Qiao Prefecture in Han dynasty), Anhui Province. CAO Cao was born in Bozhou and started his fortune there. Most of his relatives were buried in Bozhou. YBK I was suggested to be the tomb of CAO Cao’s granduncle, CAO Ding. 3 We got one tooth of CAO Ding from the Museum of Bozhou. DNA was extracted from this tooth following the method described in our previous publication. 4 Our ancient DNA experimental operations are strictly controlled by following all the criteria for ancient DNA studies. 5 Twelve Y-STRs were successfully typed using Y-Filer kit (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The 12 Y-STR values are as follows: DYS19: 15, DYS389I: 13, DYS389II: 30, DYS390: 23, DYS391: 10, DYS393: 14, DYS437: 14, DYS456: 16, DYS458: 16, DYS635: 21, and DYS385a/b: