Changes in the household calorie supply during the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico and its implications on the obesity epidemic
Changes in the household calorie supply during the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico and its implications on the obesity epidemic
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00088.x
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Méndez, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arroyo, P;Loria, A;Méndez, O
为了描述1994年经济危机对墨西哥家庭卡路里来源的影响，分析了每个闰年(1992-2000年)在全国代表性样本(>；10,000户)中进行的五项营养调查。在7天的时间里，对每个家庭进行了访问，以收集有关购买、交换或自制食品及其货币价值的数据。我们选择了88种食物来计算农村-城市阶层(地方2500，=2500)的卡路里/人/天和以比索/兆卡(CPMC)表示的成本。将食物分为8组，以每组食物的卡路里和CPMCs之和为分析单位。进行了1992-2000年的线性回归，并使用斜率和截距来表征变化。在经济危机最严重的时候，可获得的卡路里几乎没有变化。昂贵的卡路里(城市中的肉，农村中的鸡蛋和牛奶，以及工业化肉类和软饮料)往往会增加，而最便宜的主食(谷物、豆类、糖)在这两个阶层中的份额都有所下降。令人顺从的卡路里增加了，尤其是在软饮料中，尽管成本增加仅次于肉类。主要结论是：(1)经济危机没有影响墨西哥家庭的总卡路里供应；(2)1992-2000年卡路里来源的趋势与乡村和城市的任何危机效应(即昂贵的食物增加，廉价的主食减少)相反；(3)农村和城市在卡路里的数量、来源和成本方面存在相当大的差异；以及(4)卡路里供应增加，软饮料作为一种具有自身活力的食物出现。
To characterize the effects of the 1994 economic crisis on calorie sources of Mexican households, five nutrition surveys done every leap year (1992-2000) in national representative samples (> 10,000 households) were analyzed. Each household was visited during 7 days to collect data on foods purchased, exchanged or home-grown and their monetary value. We selected 88 food items to calculate kilocalories/ person/day and cost in pesos/megacalorie (CPMC) for rural-urban strata (localities < 2500, >= 2500). The food items were classified in 8 groups and the summation of kilocalories and CPMCs of items in each group were our units of analysis. Linear regressions for 1992-2000 were performed, and slopes and intercepts were used to characterize changes. Available calories showed very little change at the height of the economic crisis. Expensive calories (meat in urbans, eggs and milk in rurals, and industrialized meat and soft drinks in both) tended to increase, whereas the most inexpensive staples (cereals, legumes, sugars) decreased their share in both strata. An increase in obesigenic calories was seen, notably in soft drinks, despite a cost increase second only to meat. Main conclusions were: (1) the economic crisis did not affect total calories availability in Mexican households; (2) the 1992-2000 trends in calorie sources were contraty to any crisis effect in rurals and urbans (i.e., expensive foods increased and inexpensive staples decreased); (3) there were sizable rural urban differences in number, source, and cost of calories; and (4) obesigenic calories increased and soft drinks emerged as a food with its own dynamic.